URAM 한 개에는 8-bit 크기의 픽셀 My interpretation of the comment from UG573 is that true initialization of URAM is not physically possible. I use ram_style as "block" which I would like to all the CAM instance to infer BRAM, but few of them gets mapped to URAM. 2 version. 3 days ago · AMD FPGAs, SoCs and MPSoCs support many different memory technologies internal memory or external memory to the device. 4, Zynq 7000. 4). com Versal ACAP Memory Resources Architecture Manual 2 Se n d Fe e d b a c k. A deployment shell enables the card to be configured from onboard memory through PCI Express. The BRAM size is important for me because I am planing to store lists with millions of elements on BRAM. Is there documentation that covers this. BRAM is tested upon power on, or if PROG_b is asserted, Writes 0's. For BRAM/URAM assembled from many RAM primitives, trying to predict performance vs latency in advance can be tricky - since much depends on how Vivado assembles the primitives. Maximum frequency is measured using the Out-of-Context flow to synthesize and implement the IP instance in isolation. When you have a true dual port RAM there are four data buses, read and write for each of two ports. where, frequency of DRAM will decrease with increase in its depth due to slice routing. UltraRAM. Alveo™ アクセラレーター カード. I would recommend you to refer target FPGA resource guide LUTs have lowest access time, FIFO18/FIFO36 good timing performance but require effort in design migration, BRAM very good for scalable memory requirement . PNG Capture2. K. Whist BRAM is a natively dual port RAM, there are other RAMs found in FPGA that are worth mentioning. Is there a way to instruct synthesis tool to AVOID inference of URAM? Synplify_premier has this feature : syn_ramstyle = "block_ram, no_uram" which infers only BRAM and avoids URAM. consequently, it's enough to set write enable and BRAM enable pins of your port to the constant value '1'. Hello, I found some language templates for inferring UltraRAM in the Vivado IDE (2017. log ファイルで確認するメッセージの一部と、その対処法を示します。. Block RAM: Stand Alone vs BRAM Controller Modes. Product Description. xilinx. If a System Generator design with Dual Port RAM (DPRAM) blocks targets a mix of Block RAM (BRAM) and UltraRAM (URAM), then the generated HDL netlist targets all of the DPRAM blocks to BRAMs only. Block Ram tiles determination. Please let me know if there is any We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 1. PNG Capture1. BRAM vs UltraRAM. 1 Updated bullet 11 in Block RAM Summary. Distributed RAM は LUT を使用し、係数の格納、ステート マシン、および小規模バッファーとして有効です。. A memory unit in the DPU has a width of ICP*8 bits and a depth of 2048. The idea is to connect my module to the BRAM_PORTB of the Block Memory Generator below: The idea is to connect my module to the BRAM_PORTB of the Block Memory Generator below: Interpreting the results. 5Mb, but then in the doc. The lmb_bram block is created using the Block Memory Generator (BMG). True Dual Port RAM ( RAMB36E2). The documentation for the memory resources can be found here. Please check user constraints to make sure design is not over-utilized in the constraint areas (if any) keeping in mind some macros require a number of consecutively May 22, 2023 · How can a Block RAM be initialized in Vitis HLS. 次の表に、vivado. It supports just one clock and is fully synchronous. DEVICE ("7SERIES"), // Target device: "7SERIES" . We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. We are using 2020. Resource figures are taken from the utilization report issued at the end of implementation using the Out-of-Context flow in Vivado Design Suite. Max URAM SIZE supported in u280. 65444 - Xilinx PCI Express DMA Drivers and Software Guide; I am working on a xczu4cg device with 100% bram usage. In this case it is the lmb_bram. I learned that the block RAM tile's size can be actually up to 36K bits. writing procedure to a BRAM is simple since you are only using the port for writing. 0) July 16, 2020 www. Jan 28, 2020 · In this case the dlmb_bram_if_cntlr: Again, we can read the block properties for the dlmb_bram_if_cntlr: Here we can see all the BRAM modules connected to the memory controllers. It told me that U200 has 1766 x 36kb block RAMs. 赛灵思中文社区论坛. Block RAM 、高速かつ柔軟なデータ The most of the points you mention correct. I have ZCU 106 Evaluation kit and it can support 38Mb of BRAM. WRITE_WIDTH (8), // Valid values are 1-72 (37-72 only valid when BRAM_SIZE Jul 7, 2016 · I am using a Xilinx FPGA from the Kintek-7 family. I know I can also control URAM vs. e. I am interested in the maximum frequency the BRAM on virtex-5 can run. The LogiCORE™ AXI LMB Bridge IP is designed to be used in embedded applications where AXI4 access to a MicroBlaze BRAM or URAM local memory connected via LMB is required, for example to load software in the local memory. 5 tiles. How can I prioritize the module to try using ultraram and lutram before using bram? (* ram_style="ultra" *) encrypted_core # (. g. Both have the ability to add extra "output registers" to increase the latency to two clocks in order to reduce the clock to output time of the RAM. whtats the difference between URAM and BRAM, seem to me just another ram without true dual port. Minimum BRAM size. May 11, 2019 · URAM usage is enabled by template parameter USE_URAM, which is false by default. It is worth noting that if you did use a mix of DRAM/BRAM, you need to be aware of the read semantics of DRAM When using asymmetric ports in simple dual port RAM, synthesis consumes more block RAM (BRAM) blocks than is required. I wish to load the memory with some initial contents. The device tree is altered to add the BRAM memory range to the May 1, 2012 · I'm a bit unclear on if you actually want to use the embedded BlockRam blocks, and Xilinx may have changed the functionality in ISE 13, but in ISE 12 at least, it isn't possible to infer true dual port blockram with different aspect ratios - you'll need to instantiate them through for instance CoreGen. 0 IP GUI には、次に示すように、ハードウェア アクセラレータに BRAM ではなく URAM を使用するオプション ([Use URAM in HW Accelerators]) が表示されます。 Zynq ZCU208: I used Xilinx reference design (ZCU208_4g_play_cap_2021p2_RevA) to make 8x DAC (256K/channel, read from URAM) and 8x ADC (128K/channel, save to BRAM) running at 4GSPS Max URAM SIZE supported in u280. So the size is actually only 8K. If this is possible what it would be the difference between a local memory implemented with BlockRAM vs. BRAM_SIZE ("18Kb"), // Target BRAM, "18Kb" or "36Kb" . I am developing a custom IP core that takes an AXI Stream input and writes that data to a (rather large) BRAM and then streams the data out of the BRAM to an AXI Stream output (the output order is different from the input order, so this is not a normal FIFO). Flexible cascade capabilities allow UltraRAM blocks to be used in Could anyone who have experience doing such migrations provide some insight on what might be wrong and possibly pointers to Xilinx recommendation on how to do BRAM to URAM migration. *. P. in this case, by each address and data your Hi, I'm trying to generate a TDP RAM with Vivado HLS to have completely parallel RW support (in a SystemC module) However, HLS always generates a simple port RAM and multiplexes the address and data lines even after using: #pragma HLS RESOURCE variable=imgMem core=RAM_T2P_BRAM. Thank you in advance. dmitry1417 (Member) asked a question. The AXI BRAM Controller is a soft AMD IP core for use with the Embedded Development Kit (EDK) and Vivado™ IP Integrator (IPI) or available as a stand alone core in the Vivado IP Catalog. BRAM) and (in HDL) copy the initialization data from BRAM to URAM at power-up of the device. Ltd. Please let me know if there is any I'm trying to make Vivado infer a MASTER xilinx. The two types of BRAM memories available in a device can hold either 18k or 36k bits, and the available amount of these memories is device specific. 嵌入式开发. As an example, with min area on LogiCORE Block Memory Generator v8. The total size is smaller than the documented size. bit image (configuration). 1 Linux Device Tree By default the device generation process will generate a node in the PL device tree (pl. In dual port configuration there are two separate enables for both ports. The program adds up all elements in two arrays and I want to store the arrays in URAM rather than BRAM. AMD 製品では、さまざまなデザインのニーズに対応できるよう、異なる種類の内部メモリを提供しています。. Hello,<p></p><p></p>I am trying to create a BRAM of 37 Mb. The total URAM capacity is 181Mb, which means there are ~640 URAMs (288Kb per URAM). I am trying to get the logic right for the AXI What bus errors you are observing when you have set memory primitive to URAM. it says " Zynq UltraScale\+ devices or up to 22. Total bandwidth of VM2902's URAM is 69Tbps. This IP attaches to the FPGA configuration logic via the USER_ACCESSE2 primitive and So I can only use StandAlone Mode for URAM. From Vivado main menu select “Edit > Find”. 1. BRAM with HLS pragmas, but regardless of how I do this, is there a performance advantage one way or the other between the two types of memory? Aug 20, 2018 · The BRAM is a dual-port RAM module instantiated into the FPGA fabric to provide on-chip storage for a relatively large set of data. Note that URAMs also have a greater number of pipeline registers than BRAM, so take that into account in when you infer your . I suggest you use a true dual-port BRAM, one port to be accessed by the PS using AXI BRAM Controller, the other accessed by a simple state machine in your PL. October 29, 2020 at 6:22 AM. Xilinx, Asia Pacific 5 Changi Business Park Singapore 486040 Tel: +65-6407-3000 www. 512 is the width and the depth is 16. DESIGN FILES¶. Finally, the BRAM is loaded from the . I was wondering if anyone else has seen this issue or knows how to get a cleaner report? Capture. BRAM is inferred using the BIND_STORAGE pragma, #pragma HLS BIND_STORAGE variable=buffer type=RAM_T2P impl=BRAM. 1's, checkerboard, inverse checkerboard (checkerboard_b) to find bad bits which then maps the bad frame to a spare frame. Each URAM has 2 72bit-ports, and the frequency of URAM is: F =69×1000Gbps / （640×72×2） = 748MHz. (Fig 1) But the data width cannot be set at will for Block Memomy Generator when selecting BRAM Controller Mode(using block design, URAM is unavailable in IP Catalog). Only a single RAMB36 block should be required for this. Functionality is bit-exact with BRAM implementaion: checks pass C-sim, RTL co-sim and zcu104_rv board runs for NN and Bi-linear filtering modes on fractional coordinates. Aug 30, 2023 · Hi, Are the URAM/BRAM used for the PLRAM already reserved by the platform for the Alveo U250? As in are the BRAMs already reserved for PLRAM usage even if I don't use PLRAM? 75680 - Vivado 2020. In your case, URAM cannot be configured as True Dual Port (TDP) RAM - but can be configured as Simple Dual Port (SDP) RAM. I have 4625000 values of 8 bits. T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s. The memory I need to pack into URAM is not very wide, but quite deep. The Local Memory Bus (LMB) Block RAM (BRAM) Interface Controller is a module that attaches to one LMB. Application code is located in the src directory. dtsi) for the AXI BRAM Controller. デュアル ポート RAM (DPRAM) ブロックを含む System Generator デザインで、ブロック RAM (BRAM) および UltraRAM (URAM) の組み合わせをターゲットにすると、生成された HDL ネットリストでは、BRAM に対するすべての DPRAM ブロックのみがターゲットになります。 Built-In FIFO vs Block RAM. So, if you need TDP RAM then you must use BRAM. Hi, I want to see a comparison between read/write latencies for Ultra RAM and BRAM. Since there is not a driver for the BRAM this should not be an issue. Increase array size to use all URAM, change size of array to 4k*960 with 72 bit element size (matching 960 available URAM in Virtex UltraScale\+ UV9P FPGAs) Since URAMis much faster than BRAM, by increasing the number of array access I hoped to fix "WARNING: [BIND 205-102] The specified resource Feb 28, 2017 · A single slice can potentially provide a 256 x 1-bit, single port RAM). 0 on my Verilog module. S I checked below but it doesn't cover the URAM memory bits. In RTL, we use (* ram_init_file = SYN_INITFILE *) synthesis attribute to specify the mif file containing initial values. Xilinx doesn't go over which is better for what situation. 18k and 36k BRAM utilization. Hi Xilinx experts, I am experimenting with URAM with a simple program in Vivado HLS 2017. The UltraScale+ portfolio uses a new storage method. Number of Views 1. Questions about Xilinx UltraRAM inference templates. com. Here below are my understandings and some doubts. Xilinx® AlveoTM U200 and U250 Data Center accelerator cards are PCI Express® Gen3 x16 compliant cards designed to accelerate compute-intensive applications such as machine learning, data analytics, and video processing. How to Optimize UltraScale Architecture Block RAMs for Low Power and High Performance. Feb 22, 2024 · Block Ram (BRAM) Block mbence76 March 22, 2024 at 8:25 AM. Port A read/write width: 32, Read/Write depth: 12288. Also, is Distributed RAM same as LUTRAM? I want to understand what is the exact use of these resources in a NetFPGA. When you have a simple DP RAM, there are only two data buses, one read and one write. com Asia Pacific Pte. Apr 17, 2023 · コンテキストおよび状況によって、Vivado 合成により URAM のパイプライン処理に関するさまざまなメッセージが表示されます。. 08, the total DSP utilization is 2 and the total URAM utilization is 0; A possible reason is high utilization of BRAMs, DSPs, URAMs, or RPMs. 28nm Xilinx FPGAs. You can also check about URAM/ultraram available in ultrascale devices The BRAMS on the fpga are blocks of RAM built in silicon I. Both URAM and BRAM are natively one clock latency reads; the data is available on the clock after the address and enable are asserted. However, maximum operating frequency of BRAM is stated as 509 MHz (refer to page Inferring UltraRam in Virtex UltraScale+ VU9P Devices. , 4x1024x8 bits = 32768 bits) address range to the AXI BRAM controller, then if you set the data width as 32, the depth will be auto selected as 32768/32=1024. 02K. 7. URAM은 288K 비트를 저장할 수 있는데 이는 BRAM 보다 8배 더 저장할 수 있는 양입니다. The core is designed as an AXI endpoint slave IP for integration with the AXI interconnect and system master devices to communicate to Xilinx FPGA의 URAM은 UltraScale+ 이상의 제품군에만 있는 dual-porl On-Chip 메모리입니다. Furthermore, I need asymetric Dual Port RAM. Pipeline stages and cascade connections are configured using attributes on primitives. 1 - Place 30-859 Some BRAM area constraints are over utilized. 4 my 36x4193 ram will use 5 RAMB36E1s while xpm_memory I am instantiating a Block RAM Macro BRAM_SDP_MACRO in my Verilog COde using XIlinx ISE 14. The data sheet claims that on a -1 speed grade Virtex-5 chip, the BRAM can run as fast as 400MHz. PNG Thanks Community! The total BRAM utilization is 63. In “Find Results” tab, right-click a line and select “Schematic” from pop-up dialog. The dual-port nature of these memories allows for parallel, same The resource utilization statistics for NetFPGA SUME shows LUT, LUTRAM, FF, and BRAM parameters. Alveo™ Accelerator Cards. Here are some important excerpts from the document (referencing pages 11 and 12): The block RAM in Xilinx® 7 series FPGAs stores up to 36 Kbits of data and can be configured as either two independent 18 Kb RAMs, or one 36 Kb RAM. com) This design used too many URAM blocks and it failed. Some places to look for performance specifications of BRAM and URAM are: the datasheet for your device Increase array size to integer multiple of 4k. BRAM with HLS pragmas, but regardless of how I do this, is there a performance advantage one way or the other between the two types of memory? The issue is that there are a limited number of switch-box connections in and out of the BRAM. What bus errors you are observing when you have set memory primitive to URAM. 1) August 14, 2014 Revision History The following table shows the revision history for this document. Here, ICP stands for the input channel parallelism, which varies across different DPU architectures. Example 1: An XPM Memory (SDPRAM) where Port A is 512 x 64 and Port B is 2k x 16. Accelerator binary files will be compiled to the xclbin directory. The LMB BRAM Interface Controller is the interface between the LMB and the BRAM block peripheral. 128KB) of the MicroBlaze soft-core. Block RAM versus Distributed RAM. This ensures that the design is not distorted in order to Open Synthesized Design. Hello, I would like to know if I can use the UltraRAM technology to instantiate the local memory (e. I want to build a DPRAM (524Mb) like this : - port A : write and read 32 bits words, 16k deep (16 384 words exactly) - port B : read 4096 bits words, depth 128 words Block Memory Generator in Vivado seems to be limited to this type of BRAM : - port A : write and read 32 For example, I want to use 4 banks of URAM with an access bandwidth of 288bits(URAM has a fixed datawdith of 72bits), and multiple URAM is cascaded for each bank. Moreover, I am new to BRAM so appologies if it is something basic. 1) of UG573, many of the configurations for BRAM cannot be used for URAM. Hello everybody, In my current design I need to internally bufferize AXI4-Stream data before consuming them. All the templates (speaking of both single port and dual port implementation) include pipeline registers. 赛灵思中文社区论坛欢迎您 (Archived) — liuxiaoyan@ (Member) asked a question. Programmable Logic, I/O and Packaging. It is impossible to store anything, anywhere, and recover it after power or PROG_b. Hi All, It seems that the only difference between the interface of the Block RAM in the Stand Alone and BRAM Controller Modes are reset signals Block RAM in the BRAM Controller mode has rst signals in its interfaces but in the Stand Alone mode it doesn't has themIs this the only difference? This construction from scattered URAM/BRAM blocks can cause timing problems for address and data lines connected to the large-size memory - since address/data lines must fanout to the scattered blocks. MYPARAM (3)) encrypted_core ( . I have an encrypted core that uses a lot of memory. Vivado 2017. Vivado. You need to change the data width and address range of the BRAM controller to change the width and depth of the Block memory generator IP. It also defines the relevant commands that can be issued for readback and writeback via the AXSS register in the configuration interface. Changed description of CASDINPA[3:0] and CASDINB[31:0] in Table 1-6 . For example, if you have assigned a 4k (i. 10 ns, thus maximum operating frequency is 479 MHz (refer to page 22). In addition, the total bandwidth of URAM seems more normal. com India Xilinx India Technology Services Pvt. Art Village Osaki Central Tower 4F 1-2-2 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0032 Japan Tel: +81-3-6744-7777 japan. Thanks in advance. Design Entry & Vivado-IP Flows. Based on the examples you provide, you could potentially fit one of your arrays in distributed RAM, with the remainder requiring multiple DRAMs or a single BRAM. By looking at the code it seems the minimum number of pipeline registers is 2, which would result www. This could change in the future such that disabling the driver in the status is done. Please let me know a way to generate a dual port RAM for imgMem. Consequently, my idea was to use Dual Port RAM IP and to bufferize data through one port and consume them through another port. However, you could initialize something else (eg. Block A, B, C, 8th & 13th Welcome to the Xilinx Forum! As described on about page 94 (and Table 2. Fill in the “Find” dialog box as shown below and the enter the name of your array (I have entered the word, RAM, as name of my array). The URAM primitives have configurable pipeline attributes in conjunction with dedicated cascade connections to enable high speed memory access. com:interface:bram_rtl:1. Learn about the new block RAM cascade feature, how it is used, and how to leverage its power and performance benefits. Can someone please elaborate this and help me understand it? What is a Block RAM in an FPGA? Learn how to create BRAMs in VHDL and Verilog, for use in Dual Port RAMs, FIFOs, and more! Tutorial for beginners. 4 I can select "Minimum Area" for the primitive choice algorithm however I cannot chose any such option when using the xpm_memory_sdpram macro. Cheers, Mark AM007 (v1. Question has answers marked as Best, Company Verified, or bothAnswered Number of Views 34 Number of Likes 0 Number of Comments 1. com Japan Xilinx K. Feb 11, 2020 · 3 Accessing BRAM Using /dev/mem 3. <p></p><p></p> However, I tried to implement a simple design using a RAM18SDP primitive, with output register enabled, and added registers immediately in front and after the BRAM. To implement a large FIFO, the Wizard provides Built-In FIFO and Block RAM. Hi, I am designing a system on a Zynq 7030. Date Version Revision 08/14/2014 1. also it mention it can cascade, isn't BRAM doing the same? for Zynq Ultrascale, max is 80 block or 22. Liked. www. URAM, on the other hand, has a fixed configuration of 72b*4096. the same as used in ASICs. Hit OK. So, you could use a URAM to make a synchronous FIFO, but not an asynchronous FIFO. Any access size up to the width of the LMB data bus is permitted. The xclbin directory is required by the Makefile and its contents will be filled during compilation. The synthesis log message makes the impression that Vivado understands the intention (ram_style="ultra"), but refuses to infer URAM anyway. com 2 UG573 (v1. I am aware of the wastefulness of using URAM, but the rest of the BRAM resources are already fully utilized. The maximum value is 16 for block RAM and 64 for URAM. It is possible to achive this by using an AXI BRAM Controller connected to one of the BRAM ports, but in that case The AMD URAM Readback allows you to perform readback and writeback of URAM by providing the required logic around the URAM. But i could not store my array data into either BRAM or URAM by using directives. When I use the xilinx template to instantiate a URAM with data width 128 and size 1,500,000. ); I'm finding that BRAM seems to be reporting as URAM in the utilization report, and URAM isn't called out explicitly for usage in the report. In the documentation, the total number of uram 288kb in dynamic region is 960. The size is actually 512x16. I wouldn't hold my breath waiting for Xilinx to provide this "indirect" initialization for you. 推奨されるパイプライン段数は、最大の The Block Memory Generator LogiCORE™ IP core automates the creation of resource and power optimized block memories for AMD FPGAs. That is, you will get most efficient use of URAM when your data-width is a multiple of 72 bits. URAM은 다음과 같이 메모리의 width와 depth가 고정되어 있습니다. Unlike BRAM, URAM doesn't support independent clocks for the read and write ports. UltraRAM is a large, lightweight memory block that enables UltraScale+ devices to provide in excess of 500Mb of power- and cost-efficient on-chip data storage, equating to a 6X increase in on-chip memory vs. And this simple dual port ram actually used up to 7. Unlike BRAM, each URAM is dual port and fixed size of 4k by 72 bits, and has a single synchronous clock for both ports, and both ports are completely independent. Available through the (add ref to Vivado™) ISE™ Design Suite CORE Generator™ System, the core enables users to create block memory functions to suit a variety of requirements. 選択したデバイスに URAM が含まれている場合、DPD v9. In the Virtex UltraScale\+ family, all the columns of UltraRAM can be connected Cascade height specifies the number of BRAM/URAMs in a cascading structure. But when I create a new project on Vivado, it tells me that it has 2160 block RAMs. As both ports are independent, there is the possibility for write collisions, as such the behavior of the UltraRAM is different depending upon which port performs the read or write I then removed the qualifier "static" and the design built just fine, apparently using BRAM instead. Use of static doesn't seem to work. When using the LogiCORE Block Memory Generator v8. UltraScale Architecture Memory Resources www. 请问BRAM在实际用的过程中一般数据位宽是多少呢？. Hello, As per Atrix7 data sheet ds181, minimum clock period of DRAM is 2. BRAM_SDP_MACRO # ( . I then removed the qualifier "static" and the design built just fine, apparently using BRAM instead. I am wondering can I just multicyle o Product Description. When i pass an array as parameter from test bench (main function) to top level function, where I use ram_style as "block" which I would like to all the CAM instance to infer BRAM, but few of them gets mapped to URAM. Block-RAM (BRAM) modules can be configured in several different ways. In “Schematic” tab, right AXI Stream output from BRAM. Hello All, I am trying to instantiate a simple dual port ram. The followings are what I have tried to make it work but in all cases the URAM is not inferred. Please let me know if there is any What bus errors you are observing when you have set memory primitive to URAM. However, this way I cannot connect AXI BRAM Controller (necessary to communicate with PS) to URAM directly, because it is byte-addressing and the datawidth, byteenable and some other signals of the BRAM_PORT side of BRAM Controller is different with URAM Native interface. The tools should infer the correct number of BRAMs. Zynq Migration Guide: Zynq-7000 SoC to Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC Devices (xilinx. BRAM数据位宽. This construction from scattered URAM/BRAM blocks can cause timing problems for address and data lines connected to the large-size memory - since address/data lines must fanout to the scattered blocks. How I can make BRAM of this size as write depth is limited to 1048576, which leads to 1048576*32=33554432, almost 33. 5Mb in Virtex UltraScale\+ devices. 5 Mb. August 8, 2016 at 9:18 AM. Hello, I am working on vivado HLS c code implementation and trying to store my array data into BRAM and URAM memory. Built-in knowledge about AMD Each BRAM block consists of two 18K BRAM slices, which can be configured as 9b*4096, 18b*2048, or 36b*1024. As mentioned above, the address range was 64KB, or 65536 Bytes. It supports the LMB bus protocol and byte enable architecture. It is about a little bit over 270 Mb. However Ultra-RAM (URAM) modules have a fixed configuration of 4K x 72 (ref UG573). There are certain differences due to different design constraints, but the RAM architecture follows the same principles. lx zh ad gr fv ey ox xv ea ts