Any sampler with "a" in the name Ah, I understand. May 26, 2023 · DPM2 a Karras: Similar to DPM2 a, this variant incorporates the Karras noise schedule while retaining the other characteristics of DPM2 a. /sampler:dpm2m /karras The latest, and recommended for most users creating realistic images. Is that a deliberate choice ? Version Platform Description Version: 8354b7c Mon May 29 15:42:24 2023 -0400 Windows 10 Chrome Acknowle Aug 14, 2023 · Exponential is the suggested scheduler for DPM-Solver++(2M) SDE (as opposed to Karras). * DPM+ 3M is very good at low steps but only pretty good at high steps. 三种采样器的整体构图也同样相似。. In my experience, as a senior software developer, this easily leads to issue-spam and makes it difficult to keep an overview of actual bugs & feature requests. But euler a will output good results more consistently compared to greater results less consistently with dpm++ 2m sde karras. DPM 2 Ancestral. This was me Jun 18, 2023 · In this article I will compare all samplers in Automatic 1111 UI as of June 2023. Sometimes, Schedulers are also referred to as Samplers. You switched accounts on another tab or window. In the context of Stable Diffusion, converging means that the model is gradually approaching a stable state. Today it says it is up to date. It was found out that the sampler "DPM++ 2M SDE" does better with an exponential rather than the "usual" Karras noise schedule. LMS is one of the fastest at generating images and only needs a 20-25 step count. DDIM. Award. Note that SD WebUI has implemented the separation of samplers and noise schedules since version 1. This sampler is not only visually stunning but also intricate, and it excels in depicting hands. As I was learning, I realized that I had the same parameters as the course, but due to the different Sampler, the results of the drawn pictures were very different. 4. Done at 50 steps at 512x512 with a seed of 8675309, Stable model 1. DPM Fast is a variant of the DPM solver with a uniform noise Jan 2, 2023 · No milestone. optimizations: xformers and sdp - scaled dot product. 6 participants. At approximately 25 to 30 steps, the results always appear as if the noise has not been completely resolved. This sampler is used to smooth out the image by spreading out its pixels and making the image appear clearer and less pixelated. We argue that the theory and practice of diffusion-based generative models are currently unnecessarily convoluted and seek to remedy the situation by presenting a design space that clearly separates the concrete design choices. ・DDIM DPM++ 2M Karras is good for super-low steps, but DPM++ SDE (normal or Karras) is better for higher. Just like 1st Place: DPM++ 2SA Karras @ 70 Steps. Then for highres fix, 20 steps of Euler for the first pass, then 10-20 steps of DPM++ SDE Karras for the second sampler pass that second pass of SDE adds the detail that Euler doesn't get, but in half the time than doing SDE for the whole thing Jul 9, 2023 · You signed in with another tab or window. Initially, I thought it was due to my LoRA model being overfitted. Can be good for photorealistic images and macro shots. This greatly depends on the style you are going for. Presumably uses a schedule based on the linked paper, Fast Sampling of Diffusion Models with Exponential Integrator by Zhang and Cheng. Keep in mind that the ancestral samplers (with the a) are more of a lotto and never converge. Dec 5, 2023 · I saw many places mentioning "Sampler DPM++ 2M Karras" blah blah. However, sometimes it can just give you some really DPM++ 2M Karras. e. The name "Forge" is inspired from "Minecraft Forge". The commonly-used fast sampler for guided sampling is Samplers are used in various text to image creation tools like AUTOMATIC1111 Stable Diffusion GUI and comfyUI etc Where can we get the DPM++ 2S a Karras and DPM++ 2M Karras Samplers?? - been looking for these for hours, no luck. This is the number of steps you are giving Stable Diffusion to 'draw' your image. * DPM-based Karras samplers continue to offer a boost at low steps without hurting at high steps. Oct 30, 2023 · 1st Place: DPM++ 2SA Karras @ 70 Steps. DPM PP 2S Ancestral. The thing is that this sampler calls the model twice per step so it is more like 16 steps. Any sampler with "a" in the name The ***key aspect*** of the Karras samplers is that they yield passable results at lower steps than the non-Karras samplers (at the risk of more artifacts, esp. 1 to 10) compatability setting when using karras samplers or are trying to recreate some example images. I cannot seem to get a version of Automatic1111 installed that has the sampler DPM++ 2M SDE Karras. Aug 1, 2023 · Made a fresh git clone today: This new install is missing several samplers that used to be in my previous install - see screenshot. ComfyUI provides a bit more Looking at the new A1111 architecture, txt2img has separate drop downs for sampler and scheduler. This makes it an ancestral sampler. You might want to push the CFG to 7-10+. Here’s a quick look at what these each produce. x. git repository in May. Just goto "repositories\k-diffusion" and "git pull" , because I start directly from webui. 394ffa7. Jul 6, 2023 · A new sampler, DPM++ 2M SDE Karras, was added to the https://github. Apr 11, 2023 · LMS Karras uses a different type of noise to generate image, although it has the same speed as LMS when generating image. negative prompt. ago. Anything I can do, to get the other samplers back (e,g, DPM 2a, or the Karras variants)? 1. Below is a sampling process in action. Just like other samplers in SD WebUI, you can specify the noise schedule used by Seniorious in the Schedule Type. Got very good results using DDIM, DPM++ SDE Karras, Euler Ancestral (apparently hated for inefficiency, but it works!). And less exaggerated in lines. # so is_edit_model is set to False to support AND composition. , Euler A) from the scheduler (e. Feb 25, 2024 · Due to this, I suggest enabling -> settings/compatibility/use old karras scheduler sigmas (0. This is garbage being passed off as a tutorial. SDE is slow per step (half the speed of Euler, LMS, and 2M), but I Aug 15, 2023 · @lllyasviel They are the same SDE samplers family you already use (from ComfyUI / k-diffusion repository). * Despite being slow and thus only getting half as many steps, the SDE samplers still make an impressive showing in this comparison. ・UniPC with 20-30 steps. Therefore, Seniorious Karras and Seniorious Exponential will be deprecated since 1. Personally I use DPM++ SDE Karras for most of my gens. . : from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline image = pipe. IMHO, the choice of sampler plays only a minor role in determining the final outcome. 3M You can produce the same 100 images at -s10 to -s30 using a K-sampler (since they converge faster), get a rough idea of the final result, choose your 2 or 3 favorite ones, and then run -s100 on those images to polish some details. It's much more of an art than science, and I think most people just go based on what they see others using, or their subjective feelings. I'm using Draw Things on the iPhone 13. See #12300 for more info. DPM++ 2M is a second-order multistep sampler. Description. It gives very nice photographic skin details and works for illustrations too. Jan 16, 2024 · Can comfyUI add these Samplers please? Thank you very much. May 26, 2023 · The key to all these scheduler algorithms is to progressively perturb data with intensifying random noise (called the “diffusion” process), then successively remove noise to generate new data samples. Note: The face isn’t an accurate comparison due to different seed in facedetailer, other parts of the picture is using the same seed. com/crowsonkb/k-diffusion. kjerk is stating that it isn't really respectful to the rigorous approach made by those researchers to claim a new sampler name by changing one line of code. DPM++ 2S a. It is often a trade-off between speed and accuracy. 10. No milestone. Almost all results have distorted faces with this sampler. Originally, the second prompt is just an empty string, but we use non-empty. What platforms do you use to access the UI ? MacOS Sep 11, 2023 · on Sep 11, 2023. The speed between samplers only varies between half a second and one second, except for these, which take between 3 and 10 seconds longer than the others: DPM++ 2S to Karras DPM++SDE KARRAS DPM++SDE DPM2 The LCM/LCM Karras samplers require their own Lora to function properly. Stable Diffusion WebUI Forge is a platform on top of Stable Diffusion WebUI (based on Gradio) to make development easier, optimize resource management, speed up inference, and study experimental features. This means that the model is no longer changing significantly, and the generated images are becoming more realistic. Mar 30, 2023 · 该存储库实现了Karras 2022文章中研究过的采样器。 除DDIM、PLMS和UniPC外,AUTOMATIC1111中所有采样器都来自k-diffusion。 带有Karras字样的采样器使用了噪声时间表(noise schedule),噪声时间表控制每个采样步骤中的噪声水平,并且随着采样步骤的增加,减少了截断误差。 Nov 2, 2022 · Diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) have achieved impressive success in high-resolution image synthesis, especially in recent large-scale text-to-image generation applications. The latter technique is 3-8x as quick. sampler_noises is not None and self. I have seen many new samplers on civitai workflow like DPM++ 3M SDE Karras where can i find that and where do i put inside A1111 is in modules folder? Samplers comparison. Stable Diffusion WebUI Forge. For the rest of the samplers, we used 27 Feb 3, 2024 · はじめに SDXLを使ったSamplerの比較を行います。Samplerの選択には慎重さが求められますが、比較することでより良い選択ができるでしょう。本記事では、SDXLを使用してSamplerを比較する方法やポイントを紹介します。具体的には、各Samplerの特徴やメリット、デメリットを解説し、それぞれの適用 All the samplers are ways to approximate the solution for a differential equation. everyone says they come with Auto1111, but auto1111 has shortfalls, cannot que up 200+ different images with different prompts and let the system crank them out. ddim我不好评价。. g. This is alternative version of DPM++ 2M Karras sampler. Plus it's the "default" sampler for anything SDXL-turbo. It's very limiting trying to use them on a site like dreamlike. DPM++ 2M Alt Sampler for ComfyUI. bat, so I didn't run launch. I don't see how "dpmpp_3m_sde_gpu" or "dpmpp_2m_sde" is arbitrary and low quality, and "dpmpp_2m_sde_gpu" from the same source is not - I tested it on multiple prompts (in Fooocus, so it included optimizations done here), and they look like viable high quality alternatives to me. DPM2 a vs DPM++ 2S a: I feel like second one is more artistic and did a better job of balancing colors of image. While the framework is the same, there are many ways to carry out this denoising process. We kept all generation parameters constant except for the sampler. Run this in command-line: git switch dev. DPM++ 2M Karras または UniPC を 20 - 30 stepsで。. Samplers are coded into each distro. Nov 5, 2022 · I TOTALLY overdid resolution, BUT. image workflow: Jun 2, 2023 · 水色の焦土です。. py includes all of the different sampler/scheduler combinations in the older version, the new version has separate sd_sample. text2img() The text2img call should use DPM++ 2M Karras sampler Jun 13, 2023 · Issue Description Sampler DPM++ 2M SDE Karras is nowhere to be seen, I checked in the settings as well. , 2022) on ImageNet (Deng et al. On that note, here someone analyzed civitai stats, among other things, the most popular samplers: DPM++ 2M Karras Euler A DPM++ SDE Karras The artifacts I see in, for example, DPM Fast and PLMS are because the steps were too low. Weirdly, in some comparisons DPM2-A generates very similar images as Euler-A on the previous seed. DPM2 a Karras is almost identical to DPM2 a, except for using the Karras noise schedule. Consider adjusting the CFG between 7-10+. Answered by vladmandic on Aug 1, 2023. In my experience, LMS has similar quality to 2M (both Karras and non, compared to their 2M versions), but LMS samplers are more artifact-prone, esp. Comparison: Left DPMPP 2M Karras | Right DPMPP 2M Alt Karras. 15 * (sigma_progress * sigma_progress)) Having my own server, I can do silly things like run an X/Y/Z test across 10 different samplers using 5 CFG Scale values and 7 Step values with a Batch value of 16 for each combination. Now, let's observe the images produced by each sampler. Reversible_Heun is a 2nd-order sampler, with an experimental Reversible_Heun_1S for a 1st-order alternative method. What Python version are you running on ? Python 3. (as mentioned) LMS Karras. We’re on a journey to advance and democratize artificial intelligence through open source Nov 7, 2022 · DPM2 a and DPM2 a Karras samplers are both affected by an issue described by AUTOMATIC1111#3483 and can be resolved by a workaround suggested by the k-diffusion author at crowsonkb/k-diffusion#43 (comment) Jan 22, 2023 · For the future, it would be great if you could open a new issue. I have not blown away my SD folder hoping it was part of Auto and not base SD. In summary, schedulers control the progression and noise levels during the diffusion Usually I use 8 steps, cranking up to 10 sometimes for the peace of mind. What should have happened? The dropdown list should have listed the two missing samplers, DPM++ 2M SDE and DPM++ 2M SDE Karras. DPM++ SDE. Development. The ones we see come largely from academic papers by three groups of researchers, as mentioned above. Nov 6, 2022 · euler , dpm++ 2m , dpm++ 2m karras. Reload to refresh your session. 5. py and adding this line in "samplers_k_diffusion = [ ]": Note that I Through extensive experiments, we found that our Skip-Tuning not only significantly improves the image quality in the few-shot case, but is universally helpful for more sampling steps. vs 2M: The method used in sampling is called the sampler of sampling method. Dpm++SDE is a sampler karras is a scheduler, iirc you can enable hidden samplers in a111 settings, i believe comfy has all the sampler and scheduler but separated. i. This project is aimed at becoming SD WebUI's Forge. In addition to the DPM solvers mentioned above, there are improved versions known as DPM++ samplers, which build upon the foundations of the original DPM solvers. Then: git pull. In the K-Sampler choose DPMpp 2M under 'Sampler_Name' and then under 'Scheduler' choose Karras. Complete_Hearing9599. You signed out in another tab or window. Different steps means different images. The prompt was for a picture of a fairy flying above a woodland pond. Mar 29, 2023 · DPM2 Karras is identical to DPM2 except for using the Karras noise scheduler. Made the DPM++ 2M Alt Karras Sampler to work with ComfyUI. They aren't something you can download and add yourself. py. There are a few different ways to measure convergence in Stable Diffusion. Reply. The samplers didn't yet converge and need closer to 100 steps for a complete image. noise = self. The sampler gradually produces cleaner and cleaner images. It's there, or at least it was on mine. k-diffusion implements DPM-Solver, which produces higher quality samples at the same number of function evalutions as Karras Algorithm 2, as well as supporting adaptive step size control. Jan 12, 2024 · The Karras schedule is a minor variation of the conventional schedule that has been observed to perform better through experimentation. Technically with dynamic prompts you can make an almost infinite Oct 26, 2023 · I need to use the DPM++ 2M Karras sampler when using DiffusionPipeline with custom pipeline "long-prompt-weighting-stable-diffusion". I'm trying to use the latest samplers which provide better performance with stable diffusion in the diffusers library, but I couldn't find DPM++ 2M Karras sampler in the library. They can add a bunch of noise per step, so they are more chaotic and diverge heavily from non-Ancestral samplers in terms of the output images. If you want great results go with something else like dpm++ 2m sde karras. Version or Commit where the problem happens. Surprisingly, we can break the limit of ODE samplers in only 10 NFEs with EDM (Karras et al. Sampler. py and sd_schedule. Sampler test for stable diffusion Nov 5, 2022 · Yes, I find the solution. Any sampler with "Exponential" in the name. Euler Ancestral Karras. Recommendation: Euler a is a good sampler for prototyping, but Karras samplers can produce better results. • 9 mo. This final image is different between Karras and non-Karras samplers, but very similar within those groups. Sep 22, 2023 · Euler a. Specifically, the DPM++2M Karras sampling method is no longer present among the simple "sampling methods" section, while it is present in his UI, I was wondering if setting the "schedule type" on karras makes it equivalent. The DPM++ 2M sampler has an alternate operating mode called Karras that squeezes a little more detail out of this multi-step scheduler. DPM++ 2M Karras takes longer, but produces really good quality images with lots of details. No highres fix, face restoratino or negative prompts. 2. Think of it like spreading jelly evenly on a piece of bread to make it smoother and not as bumpy. Offers noticeable improvements over the normal version, especially when paired with the Karras method. There is also Reversible_Bogacki_Shampine, which produces even more colorful results. , Karras). No branches or pull requests. I wonder what does that mean and how to choose it here? Since I didn't see any thing about sampler in the advanced tab. PLMS is the worst with the most distorted results. One thing to note is that ComfyUI separates the sampler (e. model: Sweet-mix v2. The 2 stands for second-order. This repository needs to be updated to use the Apr 11, 2023 · Ancestral Samplers “Karras” Versions; Additional Examples; Appendix: Example Settings; Euler and DPM++ 2M. 細かいことはいいから、結論だけおね、という方向けに引用します。. 4 ckpt - enjoy! (kind of my default negative prompt) perfect portrait of the most beautiful woman ever lived, neon, fibonacci, sweat drops, insane, pinup, intricate, highly detailed, digital painting, artstation, concept art, smooth, sharp focus, illustration, Unreal Engine 5, 8K, art by artgerm and greg rutkowski and There are ancestral samplers (marked by the letter "a") whose output will keep changing as the number of steps increases, and the others, which will eventually settle on a final image. Again, not discussed. However, ever since I started using SDXL, I have found that the results of DPM 2M have become inferior. Unless you're an expert programmer. When elements such as Prompt Fine-tuning, LoRA, Custom Checkpoints, and ControlNet are involved, it becomes significantly more challenging to discern which method is superior. Sep 22, 2023 · Best Sampler for SDXL. py for combining the selections, which doesn't work with the current version of Deforum. sampler_noise_index] if self. /r/StableDiffusion is back open after the protest of Reddit killing open API access, which will bankrupt app developers, hamper moderation, and exclude blind users from the site. I'm quite new to SD and I hope it's not an overly stupid question, but seeing that the "Schedule type" section is missing Jun 27, 2023 · I am using the most recent commit (see the screenshot in one of my comments below), but the samplers DPM++ 2M SDE and DPM++ 2M SDE Karras do not show up for me although they have been implemented (see the comment by chrme below). That very disfigured portion of anime girls shows more difference between samplers in different situations, so i think it worth discussing it too. If time is of no issue, I do lots of steps with SDE. You can easily "access" this sampler by navigating to modules/sd_samplers_kdiffusion. 15 code change - (0. KDPM Karras Ancestral, DPM++ 2M SDE, and PLMS need more steps than other samplers to generate a high-quality image, so we used 64 steps to generate these images. py lists the missing samplers: my go-to for photorealism is 20 steps of Euler simply for speed to find the right prompt. 9. At 60s per 100 steps. And the SDE++ 2M versions are also fast per step. sampler_noise_index += 1: return res def initialize (self, p): Feb 6, 2023 · Issue Description Text2Img tab, I do not have DPM++ 2M Karras in the Sampling method dropdown. Tero Karras, Miika Aittala, Timo Aila, Samuli Laine. 2nd Place: DPM Fast @100 Steps Also very good, but it seems to be less consistent. As per the normal-flavored samplers, DPM2-A is about half as fast as Euler-A. Mar 11, 2024 · Stable Diffusion Samplers: A Comprehensive Guide - Stable Diffusion Art Many sampling methods are available in AUTOMATIC1111. I updated the repo yesterday in colab with a ton of changes. Reliable choice with outstanding image results when configured with guidance/cfg settings around 10 or 12. The results may not be obvious at first glance, examine the details in full resolution to see the difference Jun 1, 2022 · Elucidating the Design Space of Diffusion-Based Generative Models. If you use one sampler, this is the one. The effect works for these samplers (I have removed the ones with none or undesirable effects): DPM++ SDE Karras; DPM++ 2M SDE Exponential; DPM++ 2M SDE We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. I heard this new sampler should be available thru Auto's. 改天再选个从其他采样器那里roll来的种子再来一组,看看ddim是不是一直都这么格格不入)) 初步分析猜测,两类采样器的区别应该正好就是euler a的特点——生成很有创意的构图 Is there a specific resource for downloading additional samplers for ComfyUI. 0-flat. DPM++ 2M Karras. GPU - RTX 2060 6GB. 2nd Place: DPM Fast @100 Steps. Samplers determine how a latent is denoised, schedulers determine how much noise is removed per step. Images after each denoising step. If you had to pick just one sampler, this would be it. shape == noise. Any ideas? Version updated: 2023-05-03 hash: 5d8c787 k_diffusion: [b43db16] 2023-02-06 Version Platform Description Version: 5d8c787 Wed May 3 The DPM2 Karras Sampler is a version of the Diffusive Parametric Method that was developed by Tero Karras. 2 participants. shape: res = noise else: res = torch. DPM2-Karras not only provides fine control over image variations but also emphasizes appearance customization. 前回はわたしの t2i におけるパラメータ設定を解説し、次の記事はテンプレプロンプトについて解説していこうと思っていたのですが、前回の検証で発見してしまった「DPM++2M SDE Karras」とかいう新キャラについて興味が湧いてしまったので The Karras schedule is a slight modification to the standard schedule that empirically seems to work better. Heun is very similar to Euler A but in my opinion is more detailed, although this sampler takes almost twice the time. I don't claim that this sampler ultimate or best, but I use it on a regular basis, cause I realy like the cleanliness and soft colors of the images that this sampler generates. Some require >20 steps even on the fastest sampler. art and then hitting the credit limit for the hour just as I'm starting to get into a flow, and having to queue them one batch at a time is just a huge Oct 11, 2023 · Effects of sigma noise and eta for k-diffusion samplers "woman holding orange flower", Photomatix v2 with RT:Studio Shot style. randn_like(x) self. My go-to sampler for pre-SDXL has always been DPM 2M. Here is a table of Samplers and Schedulers with their name and corresponding "nice name". By offering adjustments for various attributes like color, texture, and style, users can generate Sep 9, 2023 · This is alternative version of DPM++ 2M Karras sampler. Image generated with LMS vs LMS Karras, steps from 20, 40, 60, 120 Interestingly, LMS Karras produces a more cartoonish image at lower sampling steps compared to LMS, which fails to generate a usable image. sampler_noises) else None: if noise is not None and x. AUTOMATIC1111 added more samplers, so here's a creepy clown comparison. Files. Euler a stable-diffusion-art. This is completely optional and shouldn't be needed - I have not personally tested enough with this setting turned off on the newer webUI versions. , 2009) and beat the heavily The Karras schedule is a slight modification to the standard schedule that empirically seems to work better. These two samplers produce similar results, so if you’re exploring a particular prompt and seed that you like, you can try out both of these samplers to see what you think. com. sampler_noise_index < len (self. * Don’t even think about DPM++ 2M SDE Heun. May 1, 2024 · Checklist The issue exists after disabling all extensions The issue exists on a clean installation of webui The issue is caused by an extension, but I believe it is caused by a bug in the webui The Technical details regarding Stable Diffusion samplers, confirmed by Katherine: - DDIM and PLMS are originally the Latent Diffusion repo DDIM was implemented by CompVis group and was default (slightly different update rule than the samplers below, eqn 15 in DDIM paper is the update rule vs solving eqn 14's ODE directly) Hello 👋 - Cobanov Apr 11, 2023 · Ancestral Samplers “Karras” Versions; Additional Examples; Appendix: Example Settings; Euler and DPM++ 2M. Euler. This one is commendable, but its output is somewhat variable. Like: Name: DPM++ 2M Karras v2. Well this is nice, we can endlessly edit the samplers to get the right version for the right image. An essential technique for improving the sample quality of DPMs is guided sampling, which usually needs a large guidance scale to obtain the best sample quality. Nov 6, 2022 · adding Karras means sampler is using a specific type of noise DPM++ was the improved sampler of DDIM, i do not think it was DPM2 or DPM, but please check for yourself The DPM++ has different modes, S (singlestep), M (multistep). My sd_samplers_kdiffusion. To add details, set the slider slightly over the value of 1. This one is artistically beautiful, detailed and typically draws good hands too. Sampling steps. One common way is to use the loss function. There is an option to override this for all k-diffusion samplers but it's now presented in the UI directly as an option for that particular sampler since it's recommended to be used with it, and makes specifying it as a separate sampler in hires fix and XYZ plots possible. How to select a sampler in general is a good question. k-diffusion has wrappers for v-diffusion-pytorch, OpenAI diffusion, and CompVis diffusion models allowing them to be used with its samplers and ODE/SDE. # implementation. py, not from webui. . These samplers are present in Automatic111. I recommend DPM++ 2M Karras as a versatile, high quality sampler. DPM2 a is almost identical to DPM2, except noise is added to each sampling step. The results may not be obvious at first glance, examine the details in full resolution to see the difference A wrapper for stable diffusion model (specifically for unet) instead of one. Example. sampler_noises[self. From what I have seen it will even be added in a future update. Dec 1, 2022 · Together, DPM++/Karras samplers and OpenJourney would seriously open up a whole world of creative options in stable-diffusion-ui. at higher step counts though, that's mainly most notable with LMS Karras). Hi all, I'm a newb at this and fumbling my way through it. Personally, I'm not a fan of raising issues for just asking a question. No problem, you'll see from the model hash that I'm just using the 1. Therefore, I have opted to use the DPM++ 2M Karras Because it's one of the best samplers due to it's speed and consistently good results. Your understanding is correct. 0. Jun 27, 2023 · Look at the dropdown list of samplers. sd_sample. uh lg fi bj mo wy tx iw ad db