How to get dual citizenship in japan

but not a U. Here is a brief overview of the steps you’ll need to take to get dual citizenship. You must be able to support yourself and your dependents in the country. Dual Citizenship Japan Not Allowed. ADVERTISEMENT Dual citizenship is becoming more and more common because people are increasingly mobile and global. May 2, 2024 · Dual nationality through Naturalization: New law: With the new law, you can keep your previous citizenship and have multiple citizenships at Naturalization in Germany. Dual Citizenship Fee – w. Once you have dual citizenship to enter and leave the country, you must use your Australian passport; however, you can also use another passport outside Australia. at least 1 parent was a New Zealand citizen or permanent resident at the time of their birth. We’ve also included an Italian-American dual citizenship checklist that covers the basics. 2. Unless the parents are foreign diplomats, the child generally becomes a citizen of the If you want to apply for Australian citizenship, we strongly advise you to check if your country/countries of citizenship allow (s) citizens to hold dual or multiple citizenships. 1. Japan's official stance is that they do not allow dual-citizenship. Dual citizenship is also allowed for persons who were born in Nigeria after October 1, 1960, and have either a Nigerian parent or grandparent. You are entitled to have two passports, one from each country. Assuming Multi nationality is legal in UK, you have no problems in UK but the Japanese government does not allow multi nationality. In addition, there may be a waiting period of May 22, 2023 · If more than one country recognizes you as a citizen, you have dual citizenship. (living in the U. Those who possess dual citizenship with Japan and Oct 27, 2023 · By Birthright. Resumption – Section 19 (2) of the said Act makes provisions in respect of a person whose citizenship of Sri Lanka has ceased The court decision recognized that a prime consideration behind the provision for loss of Japanese citizenship was to forestall problems with Japanese dual citizenship holders being subject to the draft or getting involved in military matters in another country. If you are a permanent resident of the U. Most countries are against it, although some choose not May 21, 2024 · Japan: Japan requires Japanese nationals who voluntarily acquire another nationality to choose one citizenship, typically by the age of 22. Mar 25, 2024 · Dual citizenship for your child. resident before being eligible for U. citizens are also U. Mar 5, 2024 · 1. A citizen of Canada will retain Canadian citizenship upon acquiring a second citizenship in another country. And Japan isn’t super emigration friendly, though the passport is rather good. China, for example, makes it impossible. The concept of dual nationality means that a person is a national of two countries at the same time. Jun 5, 2024 · A child born in the U. Chinese nationals who acquire foreign citizenship are considered to have automatically lost their Chinese citizenship. This is because you are expected to be the age of majority in your country. Multiple nationalities, however, extend beyond two countries and involve being a citizen of more than two nations. United States: The United States follows the principle of “jus soli” (right of the soil) and “jus sanguinis” (right of blood). If you’re abroad, visit the nearest Portuguese embassy or consulate. But not all countries allow their citizens to hold dual citizenship. However, they never make you officially renounce your previous citizenship. Provide two 2×2 photographs of each dependent child with a white background. As of my last update in 2021, Japan does not officially recognize dual citizenship. Fortunately, Canada is one of the over 50 countries that allow its citizens to hold dual citizenship. As a dual citizen you have rights and responsibilities in both countries of citizenship, and owe allegiance to both nations¹. Jan 16, 2023 · Does Japan allow dual citizenship? The nationality law of Japan allows a single nationality in principle and does not allow dual citizenship. This is regulated by the family register law (戸籍法) and passport law (旅券法). If you want your child to have citizenship with another country as well, this will depend on that country's rules. For example, you could simultaneously be a citizen of the United States and the As a foreign citizen who is a German descendant, you can apply for German citizenship by following the steps below: Fill out the application form. Jamaica accepts dual nationals. Dual citizenship is allowed only for the categories of people stated above and only if they vow their intention not to exercise the foreign citizenship in Korea. 01-12-2022 Dual (or multiple) citizenship occurs when a person is a citizen of two or more countries. Dual nationality through marriage: Duration of residence: At least 3 years of legal residence in Germany. S Aug 31, 2017 · Foreigners who have lived in Switzerland for a minimum of 12 years may apply to become a Swiss citizen through the regular naturalization process. citizens who would like to give up their U. citizen parent's naturalization in the United States prior to the child's 18 th birthday, or. Japan’s Official Stance. Dual citizenship allowed for citizens of Latin American countries, Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, or Portugal, or for Spanish citizens by birthright their second citizenship within three years of acquiring it. There is the discussion to open gate for dual citizenship for their citizens since people become more likely to have multi-cultural background. This includes having a valid green card or permanent resident card in the United States and Dec 11, 2017 · The public understanding is that dual citizenship is not allowed in Japan: The reality is that dual citizenship (nijyu kokuseki) it is tolerated in some cases and forbidden in other cases which leads to the interpretation that it is neither allowed nor forbidden in current Japanese Nationality Law. Jul 16, 2013 · Japan, unlike Canada, does not allow dual citizenship, and the moment she willfully obtained Canadian citizenship she lost her Japanese nationality. When gaining Japanese citizenship, the official view of the Japanese government is that you are no longer a citizen of your original country. For all of these, a specific series of legal requirements must be met. Oct 19, 2023 · But Article 11 Clause 1 of Japan’s nationality law states that a Japanese national who obtains another nationality by their own choice shall lose their Japanese citizenship. Dec 8, 2023 · Contact the other country’s embassy or consulate to find out if they recognize dual U. Locate the nearest Philippine consulate. citizenship for eligible individuals born abroad to U. The Choice of Nationality. ago. In the event that an Indonesian citizen obtains citizenship of another country, the Indonesian citizen Sep 2, 2021 · Dual citizenship — also known as dual nationality — is where an individual is simultaneously a citizen of 2 different countries. Switzerland. May 28, 2024 · Getting Japanese citizenship is notoriously difficult. The first thing you must do is get to Japan. It is a long-standing principle of citizenship law that the citizenship of a state is bestowed by that state. #7. Jan 25, 2024 · Prepare and submit the original and photocopies of the petitioner’s Dual Citizenship papers. If you are planning to move to Japan, you are also expected to be 20 years old at a minimum. To apply for citizenship, your husband must complete a form and supply documents to the GDRFA that prove your identity and indicate your desire to become a citizen of the UAE. Include the original and photocopies of the dependent child’s birth certificate, as well as two photocopies of their valid foreign passport bio-page. South Sudan. That’s a big decision for anyone, and should only be done after proper consideration. The right to vote and hold public office in two different nations. Dual citizens have the freedom to travel between both countries There are four ways to acquire Croatian citizenship as stipulated by Croatian chitizenship act: by origin, by birth, by naturalization and on the basis of international treaties. The question of dual citizenship becomes a critical one for those in positions and occupations Feb 15, 2024 · Living in Italy for a certain period can lead to citizenship: Duration of Residency for Dual Citizenship in Italy: Typically, to obtain dual citizenship in Italy, you are required to reside in the country for at least 10 years. A person was deported from occupied Lithuania prior to 11 March 1990 or is a descendant (a child, a grandchild or a great-grandchild) of a person deported from Jun 23, 2020 · Dual Citizenship in Malaysia. Travelling abroad As a dual national you cannot get diplomatic help from the British government when you are in the 11. You can become a Japanese national by acquiring citizenship as a child. Additionally, for applicants who are seeking their citizenship as a married couple, the twelve year Everything You Need to Know About Acquiring Japanese Citizenship!Naturalization in Japan consists of three types, namely, ・Ordinary Naturalization for the ge Dual Citizenship in Lithuania. . If the child acquires automatically another citizenship in addition to Austrian citizenship at birth – e. This permit could either be a work permit, study Pros of dual citizenship in Japan. citizenship. You can become a Japanese national by birth. pt. Sort by: Shinden9. You must have lived in Japan for a continuous period of at least five years. Aug 3, 2020 · It opens up a ton of travel opportunities and lets you live, work, vote and own property in another country. In some countries you could be imprisoned if it appears that you have not done military service. This means that when you visit your other country of citizenship, you may be called up for military service. Since January 2022, Japan does not allow dual citizenship for adults. 3. Decide before you are 22 years old. citizen parents. But the lawmakers do not make action to change their Nationality Law. Article 11 of the nationality law states: “If a Japanese citizen acquires the nationality of a foreign country of their own choice, that Japanese citizen loses Japanese nationality. in the case of a child born in Canada, through a non-U. Then you must become a permanent U. In general, the requirements are: 1. Apr 18, 2024 · Like most of its Gulf neighbours, Kuwait doesn’t recognize dual citizenship. Have your husband complete a Citizenship Request for the Foreign Wife. Each country has its own nationality laws based on its own policy. Dual Citizenship is applicable to; A person whose citizenship of Sri Lanka has ceased under section 19, 20 or 21 of the Citizenship Act, No 18 of 1948 or a person whose Citizenship of Sri Lanka is likely to cease. Naturalization Steps: Acquiring dual citizenship in Italy involves substantiating your residence, income, and Nov 16, 2023 · Obtaining Japanese citizenship gets you one of the most valuable passports worldwide, along with a Visa-free or Visa on arrival to 190 countries, including the United States, China, and the Schengen Area. You can find the application package at a local German mission in your home country. If a dual national does not choose a nationality by the age of 22, they may lose Japanese citizenship. Nov 16, 2023 · Dual Citizenship. In Indonesia, dual citizenship is prohibited for adults older than 18 years of age and/or for married individuals, who must make a choice to keep one citizenship. Dual citizenship can be acquired through various means, such as birth in a country that Dec 4, 2017 · Here are the actual requirements to become a citizen of Japan. In reality, Japan has not followed up with these dual nationals to insist they follow the letter of the law. On the one side, Croatia allows its citizens the right to have dual citizenship, except for certain cases when acquiring citizenship by naturalization. May 27, 2024 · Spain. If you qualify for dual citizenship, you must first immigrate to the U. Japanese nationality law. Be Born In Japan. Dual citizens are Japanese, they don’t have to. Having dual citizenship can impact your tax obligations, as you may be subject to taxation in both countries. We also processes Certificates of Loss of Nationality for those U. Accordingly, you may be required to renounce any other citizenship you hold by the age of 22, unless there is an agreement between Japan and your home country that allows dual citizenship. The application must be approved by the President of the Republic of Indonesia. However, they have to renounce one citizenship before turning 22 unless they swear an oath of allegiance to Korea before they become full age under the law. ja. . You may have dual nationality by automatic operation of different laws rather than by choice. Oct 10, 2023 · Generally speaking, you are to have lived in Norway for a total of eight years . For initial evaluation, applicant submits to the Embassy’s Notarial unit (notarials@. Government of Pakistan has dual nationality arrangements with following 21 countries. In principle, you can request consular aid and help from the authorities of both countries. However, the Korean law does not always permit renunciation when it comes Dual Nationality. However, becoming a Japanese national (日本国籍, Nihon kokuseki) is a whole other ball game. Increased property ownership rights. Jan 16, 2021 · To obtain double citizenship in Australia it is necessary to prove that you have lived for a certain time, have Australian ancestry or that you were born in Australia. 661. en. The Philippine consulate nearest you processes your application for dual citizenship. Aspect. Persons interested in becoming citizens of Jamaica should first check to see if their country allows for dual nationality. Dual nationality for family members, enhancing family security. HDI Value: 0. Jun 15, 2020 · Dual Nationality by Birth. They are Japanese, they don’t have to. DEL. Nationality is in the jurisdiction of the Minister of Justice and is generally governed by the Nationality Law of 1950. 1, 1985, when the new law went into effect, must give up one of their citizenships by their 22nd birthday. Another important stipulation is that if using a female ancestor, the “next in line” must have been born after January 1st 1948 (once again this can be successfully challenged, contact us for details). This can make a move abroad much easier, as you don't have to worry about visas and work permits in your second "home" country. g. May 20, 2016 · Simply marrying a Japanese citizen does not automatically grant Japanese citizenship to a foreign national. Citizens of these countries are not required to renounce their nationality while acquiring Pakistani Citizenship. ” Jul 22, 2020 · 1. Feb 28, 2023 · Tokyo High Court ruling supports Japan’s ban on dual citizenship. These kinds of visas are of different categories, each granting you a Forfeiting your citizenship might seem like a strange way to better connect with your country, but Hana Dethlefsen was compelled to make such a decision after getting caught up in the complicated Apr 26, 2024 · An important exception to the principle of avoiding dual or multiple citizenships in Austrian citizenship law is the acquisition of Austrian citizenship by descent. Dual citizenship in Japan: Japan recognises dual citizenship in certain circumstances. The obligation to renounce a citizenship should also be the right for those dual citizens who want to do so. Additionally, you will have the right to live and work in Japan at all times. S. es. The Supreme Court has dismissed an appeal by a group of people living in Europe who have challenged Japan's ban on its citizens also holding foreign nationality. Japanese law strictly adheres to the principle of ius sanguinis, whereby citizenship is attributed by parentage rather than place of birth. Have One Parent Who Is A Japanese Citizen. 2. Dual Nationality. Jun 29, 2021 · Dual citizenship under RA 9225 is reserved for former natural-born Filipinos. e. Access to more healthcare services and increased social security. The issue is intent, which cannot be proven. Eligibility Criteria: Becoming a Japanese National By Naturalisation. In case you were born in Japan and stated as abandoned, you are automatically recognized as a Japanese citizen. I think that having a second passport is the ultimate lifehack as it gives you full rights in another country, including access to healthcare and education (if applicable). Age Requirements For Japanese Citizenship. One of the key benefits is increased travel flexibility. You will have to pay a fee for the request to be processed. To get to Japan, you must have a valid visa allowing you to stay in the country as a worker, in other words, you must have a visa that permits you to work in Japan. To acquire citizenship, you will eventually need to obtain permission from the Minister of Justice. Learn more about immigrating to the U. Individuals who lost their Japanese nationality in this way have filed lawsuits in Tokyo 1 day ago · Japan: Japan does not allow for dual citizenship for adults as Japanese law generally requires individuals to choose one nationality and renounce any other citizenship by age 22. Please contact the Ministry of Justice, Japan, for information on Japan’s law Mar 16, 2021 · In Asia Pacific, only a few places accept dual citizenship with no caveats, including Cambodia, East Timor, Australia, New Zealand and Fiji. Before you get to that point, however, you will first need to make an appointment at your nearest Japanese embassy or consulate. At the U. citizen) you are not eligible to apply for the JET Program in the United States. Jul 10, 2020 · Japan is one of the few developed nations which does not allow their citizens to have dual citizenship. Hence, arrangements that allow for multiple citizenships (or not) are a matter Dec 21, 2017 · India doesn’t recognise dual citizenship, which means that for most people, if you want to become an Indian national, you’ll be forced to give up your original citizenship. From what I know, the Japanese government does not ask people born as dual citizens to show proof of loss of their other nationality. US citizens), you will pay income tax regardless of the country where you are a tax or permanent resident. Yes. Simply declaring Japanese nationality on the 国籍選択書 is an internal Japanese government procedure and has no effect on your other citizenship. A child born to Korean parents overseas or a child born in Korea to at least one Korean parent can have dual citizenship. Bangladesh. It’s also possible to be granted Japanese citizenship due to rendering meritorious service to Japan — although this is not commonly used. It takes time and commitment, but it has many rewards, including connecting with your heritage in an authentic way. 23 June, 2020. Your child is automatically a New Zealand citizen if: they were born in New Zealand, and. ADVERTISEMENT This means that as a Canadian, you can maintain your … Jan 27, 2024 · However, Japan generally does not allow dual citizenship. As defined by the 1987 Constitution, natural-born Filipinos are: If you were born outside of the Philippines, but your Aug 19, 2020 · The benefits of dual citizenship. The decision by the May 28, 2024 · Dual citizenship is a type of immigration status in which you have citizenship in two countries at the same time. The court also noted dual citizenship in such cases “could cause conflict in the No. being born in another country with one Japanese parent, and one US citizen parent who was present in the US for a certain period of time before the birth. Section 101 (a) (22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) states that “the term ‘national of the United States’ means (A) a citizen of the United States, or (B) a person who, though not a citizen of the United States, owes permanent allegiance to the United States. 1. You need to fill out the appropriate application form claiming citizenship by descent. However, there is an exception for dual citizenship for children. You must appear in person at the consulate at least once to take your oath. After the Dual Citizenship application is processed and approved, the Department of Immigration and Emigration in Sri Lanka, notifies the applicants to make the payment of the Dual Citizenship Fee. The United States uses the jus sanguinis —meaning “right of blood”—principle to determine nationality so because my mother was a US citizen, she May 20, 2024 · Expanded visa-free travel with two valid passports. Note: years spent in Switzerland between the ages of 10 and 20 count for 2x their actual duration. ADULT PASSPORT RENEWAL PORTAL. The Japanese Nationality Law states that a Japanese citizen who acquires another nationality by choice will automatically lose their Japanese citizenship. f. Taking the 10th spot on our list of Asian countries that allow dual nationality, Bangladesh allows foreigners to obtain citizenship through naturalization May 20, 2022 · When you acquire Japanese citizenship through naturalization, you lose your previous citizenship Condition of Compliance with the Constitution (5. (Photo by Andrew Kunesh/The Points Guy) The benefits of having a second nationality go far beyond travel. The individual must have permanent residency status in both countries. Thus, one can retain the citizenship of two countries at the same time, Taiwanese and any other country, without renounc ing either of them. A person who has both Japanese and foreign nationality (dual nationality holder) must choose one of the two nationalities by a Sep 1, 2022 · 5. You must renounce your previous citizenship. S What does it entail to have dual citizenship? You have the same rights and obligations in relation to the Norwegian state as other Norwegian citizens. Nov 16, 2018 · The military service obligation may apply even if you are a resident of another country and have become a dual citizen. In fact, Canadian citizens cannot lose their citizenship unless they voluntarily renounce it via a complicated legal procedure. While the naturalization process is somewhat easier for spouses of Japanese citizens, the naturalization application is quite time consuming and detailed. In other words, you must be a PR status holder for a minimum of 5 years. In light of all that, Kuwait definitely makes the cut as one of the hardest countries to get citizenship. I was born in Japan but my mother is an American citizen so she reported my birth abroad (see also: Wikipedia ). US citizens who acquire dual citizenship with Japan must meet the residency requirements set by the Japanese government, which involve a minimum of three years living in Japan, proof of employment or financial stability, and a background check of criminal records. The cases when dual citizenship is allowed in Lithuania include: 1. Dual Citizenship. and Canadian citizenship: by automatically acquiring citizenship of both countries at birth. Please find out if this is still the case. 3. One of the easiest ways to acquire dual citizenship is by descent. The Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) programme isn't a replacement for dual 10. This is perhaps the reason for the general understanding that Malaysians are not allowed to have dual citizenship. Duration of marriage: Married to a German spouse for at least 2 years. and Canadian Citizenship. S Apr 19, 2018 · Under the law, these dual national offspring of international marriages born on or after Jan. Therefore, U. Ways to Obtain Dual U. If yes, it's complicated. Austria Apr 29, 2024 · This is the step-by-step process to apply for a Portuguese passport: 1. You can become a Japanese national by naturalization. Unless you’re ethnically from this part of the world, these are very difficult countries to get citizenship. If either your father or your mother was a Japanese citizen when you were born, you would definitely acquire Japanese citizenship. This age could potentially change depending on where your country of origin is. Tokyo High Court dismissed Tuesday an appeal by a group of people claiming the country's ban on its citizens from holding foreign nationality violates the Constitution. People may be dual citizens from birth, or become dual nationals at a later stage. Feb 22, 2023. While Australia now recognises dual citizenship, there are still many countries that do not allow their citizens to hold an additional foreign citizenship. The process of becoming a dual citizen of the United States and Canada is complicated and requires that the individual meet certain requirements. Note: * Children of Pakistani parents who have grown up in Germany and who have due to their birth in Germany acquired German Be a citizen of the United States by the application deadline. Attaining Japanese citizenship must be done though the normal naturalization process. This means that people who were born in the ethnic Taiwanese region s or in mainland China were allowed to have dual citizenship. Sep 15, 2023 · Let’s delve into the intricacies of Japan’s stance on dual citizenship. China: China does not recognize dual citizenship. to parents who are residents of a foreign country may qualify for dual citizenship. Feb 22, 2023 · Kyodo. Beautiful Switzerland – one of the world’s happiest countries – is also one of the hardest countries to get citizenship. May 6, 2024 · But since some countries—such as Oman, Japan and Monaco—do not allow their citizens to have dual citizenship, taking on citizenship in one of those countries will require renouncing U. Nov 14, 2016 · Keiko K. May 26, 2023 · 1. Apr 20, 2022 · Austria, Germany, Japan, Switzerland, and the United States are five nations that make it especially difficult for foreigners to establish permanent residency or obtain citizenship. On top of that, you are required to have held a valid residence permit that covers that period of time. Please contact the Embassy of Japan in your home country for information. If you are a person of dual nationality, please make the choice of your nationality! A person who possesses Japanese and a foreign nationality (a person of dual nationality) shall choose one nationality before he or she reaches twenty two years of age (or within two years after the day when he or she acquired the Feb 23, 2023 · Article 11 of the nationality law states: “If a Japanese citizen acquires the nationality of a foreign country at their own choice, that Japanese citizen loses Japanese nationality. If you're a citizen of a country with citizenship-based taxation (ie. To get British citizenship in the UK, check how to apply in your situation. In April 2019, a problem surfaced at the East Asia: This region is composed of countries like Taiwan, China, South Korea, and Japan. While Japan’s policy on dual citizenship restricts individuals from holding multiple nationalities, there are several advantages that come with possessing dual citizenship in Japan. Embassy and Consulates in Japan, we can provide certification of U. The latter one is rather strict. There are generally three ways to obtain dual U. Dual citizenship is allowed for persons who have a Nigerian parent, that is, citizens by descent, according to Section 25 of the 1999 Nigerian Constitution. Every country has their own laws on whether or not a person can hold citizenship in two or more countries. As already mentioned, your great grandparent, grandparent or parent must not have renounced their right to Italian citizenship. Visit a local citizen’s shop (“ Loja do Cidadão “) or a Portuguese civil registry office (“ Conservatória do Registo Civil “) in Portugal. Dual citizenship, also known as dual nationality, refers to an individual’s status as a citizen of two countries simultaneously. This time period was elongated by a change in the Citizenship Act by the Norwegian government, in January 2022. And you will then be expected to give up your foreign citizenship in favor of Japanese. ”. As applicable in Section 28 of the If the affidavit is to be signed at the High Commission, an additional fee of £ 58 is payable. Dual (double) citizenship can be allowed in Lithuania in exceptional cases only. A person must meet the following conditions: • Having continuously had a domicile in Japan for five years or more; • Being 20 years of age or more and having the capacity to act according to his/her national law; • Being a person of good conduct; • Being able to make a Sep 18, 2023 · Previously, only Taiwan-born citizens were allowed to have dual citizenship. Except in cases where someone obtains a new citizenship after birth, in which case they 100% lose Japanese citizenship and it is just a matter of detection and enforcement. Ethnic German repatriates and family members admitted with them acquire German citizenship Oct 2, 2023 · Oct 2, 2023. Article 24 of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia (“Constitution”) states that any citizen who has acquired citizenship of another country may be deprived of Malaysian citizenship. File the Application for Citizenship Retention and Re-Acquisition form attaching two (2) passport-sized colored pictures with white background taken within the last six (6) months; < Download Form >. However, there are a large number of people with dual citizenship in Japan. Japanese citizenship may also be acquired through naturalisation, with restrictions. Dec 15, 2021 · The process of becoming a dual citizen isn’t easy. 6 of the Nationality Act) No evidence was found of actions such as involvement with anti-social forces or an attempt to violently overthrow the Japanese government. 14, 2016. Published Nov. Individuals can acquire dual US/Japan citizenship by either: being born in the US with at least one Japanese parent, or. In some areas, you may have to travel a considerable distance. • 13 yr. Dec 20, 2022 · First Priorities if You Want to Become a Citizen of Japan. The Multiple nationality may result from the following situations: As a rule, children born to a German and a non-German parent, or to parents with dual nationality, acquire the nationalities of both parents at birth, according to the principle of descent. Japanese nationality is a legal designation and set of rights granted to those people who have met the criteria for citizenship by parentage or by naturalization. This means that the person holds legal citizenship and enjoys the rights and privileges of citizenship in both countries. by descent from the other parent ("ius sanguinis") or by birth in a Oct 18, 2023 · Dual citizenship refers to an individual being recognized as a citizen of two countries simultaneously, granting them the rights and responsibilities of both nations. When you move to Japan(日本, Nihon/Nippon), you might find it relatively easy to get a visa (ビザ, biza), and obtaining permanent residency (永住権, eiju ken) isn’t too complicated, either. I grew up a dual national. nu dq qp ww fd vm ax nr is eu