French bow hold double bass

#2: Taking part in lessons and master classes with other string instruments. Jan 1, 2009 · dubul. I cannot play for more than a few minutes without pain in the muscle (tendon?) under the thumb. I’ve been told I’m supposed to let the strings be used to hold the bow up but the bow still wants to fall sideways due to the weight of the tip and idk how to support it If you held up the bow with just the right hand, you could not sustain a good bow grip as that would require thumb grippage. Playing at the Neck Block (3:03) French Bow Hold (2:27) 14 3. Apr 21, 2003 · Using an overhand hold on a German bow or an underhand hold on a French bow is absolutely possible, but there are modifications to the bow hold and technique that need to be made to accommodate the different bow geometry (although I will add that in my experience an underhand hold on a French bow is much more successful than the other way around). This video goes over the details of the German bow hold for the Double Bass A big shout-out to our sponsor the Wabass Institute! https://www. Just use the bow to draw simple lines behind folk/original compositions and keep focused on my intonation. 5. 6 out of 5 stars 3 ratings Sep 27, 2016 · Regardless of where you position the thumb perhaps consider maintaining the following to ensure a comfortable relaxed flexible sensitive bow hold that will not tire -. 40 is a signature technique that is challenging for double bassists to execute with precision and accuracy. BB80F Pernambuco Wood Double Bass Bow - French, 3/4 Size. In stock. Compare. Nov 13, 2019 · Yinfente Upright Double Bass Bow Case String Bass Bow Box for German Bow French Style Hold 2pcs Bow Bag With Strap 4. I've been playing the double bass (somewhat lazily) for the last six years. 1. Are you learning how to hold a German bow on the double bass? In this lesson, learn how to position your hands and body to get the German bow hold just right. Jun 8, 2024 · Bows. Or pay $157. Style. $189. 00 $ 51 . Like strings, rosin, and other key pieces of gear, bows are 04. com to check availability*******. Note About the Thumb (2:10) Feb 6, 2009 · Uhm, isn't that the French hold (sort of)? All a matter of perspective. 00. 66 for 6 months with Easy Pay. 20. Hold the bow as if it were an egg. String Emporium brand Brazilwood Bass Bows, $17 5: Dörfler Brazilwood Bass Bows, $275: Finale Carbon Fiber bows, $355 with case and rosin: String Emporium Brand Pernambuco Bows, $570: Metropolitan Carbon Fiber bass bows, $939: Otto Dürrschmidt, $950-1,890: W. I use a French bow. String Skipping (7:05) The French-style frog is smaller and shorter than the German, which is noticeably taller. It’s a way for you to get your questions about double bass playing answered by myself (Geoff Chalmers) and Lauren Pierce. Dec 11, 1999 · Using a crappy bow requires a lot of pressure, and you can even get good sounds out of it, but it will cause health issues in the long-run. Frog design offers projection, control, and quick initiation. There doesn't seem to be any conclusive evidence that it did not exist, and I have seen a number of old artworks, showing what looks like an overhand grip used on a Double Bass size instrument. In this lesson, music teacher Seth Gamba walks through the correct position of the arms, hands, fingers, and wrist for the French bow on the double bass. 00-Add to cart; Samuel Kolstein Double Bass Bow, French Grip $ 5,000. 6 out of 5 stars 40 2 offers from $52. Hours of operation Tuesday through Saturday 10am – 6pm . com/merchdouble bass sheet music - https://shop. Glasser G5000X 3/4-size X-Series Carbon Graphite German Double Bass Bow. The only exception would be for special techniques like the Bartok pizzicato. And that’s working well with no pain. Look Closely, also Freddrick Zimmerman Bowing Tech book can also help can you. Perfect for an advanced student, this. Usually the length of the German-style stick is slightly longer. You might keep your ring finger on the eye of the frog for a point of reference. Dec 2, 2018 · This video is about learning to form the bow hold for violin, viola, cello, and double bass french bow at the frog. In general, French Bows are typically easier for a beginner to accomplish more technically difficult bowing patterns and strings crossings; however, it does so with some loss of sound and power. $99. 95. They are available in both French style (modeled on Vigneron and Sartory) and German model (inspired by the old H. -. 3. What I take from the cello hold is the more Galamianesque aspects. Try different stances, angles, and positions until you find the one that feels the most comfortable for you. Please contact UB at sales@uptonbass. Long story short, I got a really nice French bow for a great Mar 14, 2020 · Vetimobato Upright Double Bass Bow Case Hold 1 or 2 pcs French German Bass Bow Box Hard Case Protect Your Bow with Shoulder Strap (Black) 2 offers from $96. Oct 17, 2010 · One of the unexpected benefits of playing french grip is that it is easier to relate to the other string instruments. Use minimal rosin (one or two swipes max), and leave your bow hair as loose as possible without hitting the May 9, 2023 · Black Upright Double Bass Bow Bag for German French Bass Bow Hold 1 Or 2pcs Bow Case Light Strong Bow Cases Protect Your Bow with Shoulder Strap (Box for 1 bow) Brand: Generic 5. The key here is experimentation. Francisco $ 1,120. (Fig. Long ago, I used to play with this technique: * my right hand tilted a bit towards the tip of the bow. Arco Nouveau Hybrid Carbon Fiber Violin Bow. Jan 24, 2002 · I went through the same thing a few years ago - Here's what I did (as a life long German bow player): 1) tried switching to French bow and hated it 2) totally changed the way I hold the bass and bow: I play sitting on a low stool, with a low yoga block under my left foot, and the bass at a cello like angle; my "grip" is totally loose and open Feb 21, 2021 · In this video I go over all the steps to build a solid bow hold for the french bass bow. Earn $26 back in Bonus Bucks † OR pay $15/month with 36 month financing *. 3/4-size Graphite Fiber French Double Bass Bow with Kevlar Fiber Acoustic Core and Xebony Frog. 25 items. Jan 1, 2009. With time it will come. This is good for Spicattio but a loose wrist with the Italian grip works as well and with more sound. How to hold the french bass bow. comdouble bass merch Concept of a “hot bow” Methods of finding a bow hold; Individuality on approaching the double bass due to the size of the instrument ; Basing technique on certain fundamental principles; A detailed description of where David puts each finger, plus the role that each finger plays in the overall bow hold; Trusting the structure of the bow hold In a symphonic setting, German bow is a lot easier to get a larger sound, but when it comes to playing fast passages the French bow can't be beat. I would advise you to be very careful how you start and again I recommend a good French bow professional. Buy Double Bass Bows + accessories online at Europe's largest music retailer - Fast shipping, 30 days money-back and 3 years Thomann guarantee. * all three rows of knuckles bent about evenly. well-balanced bow is crafted from fine pernambuco and features a nickel. Sep 13, 2016 · Double Bass Gear (jazz), Bowing (jazz) In this short video I teach you how to tighten a double bass bow. May 8, 2020 · BRAZILWOOD - The student bass bow has Brazilwood stick in octagonal shape with great wooden bow hand feeling, air dried more than five years. The course covers a wide range of essential topics. The German bow (aka "Butler") has a taller frog and is held in an "underhand" grip. $ 49 Price Drop! $ 946 . ******Please call 860-535-9399 or email sales@uptonbass. Free Shipping Over £149. $ 511 . Starting with the very basics it covers everything you need to master the fundamentals of German (underhand) bow technique. You say you enjoy french bow more (even a year later), go ahead and look for french bows that play pianissimo passages easily with a full tone. The double bass bow comes in two distinct forms (shown below). I am not looking to up my game to audition for an orchestra. The Coda Bow Infinity provides virtually limitless performance possibility. I’d actually learned about it back at Northwestern University from Judith Hanna, a classmate of mine and a recent podcast guest for our Bass and Psychotherapy episode. See all payment options. Upton Bass is ready to offer advice and answer any questions regarding double basses or related bass topics. This is necessary because of the larger strings. Double bass rosin is also much stickier If you are struggling with hand pain in French bow hold, try using a French bow that has different balance and weight. This alternate approach to the French bow hold can be a real game-changer. Write your review Item ID: InfinityDBF. Most string players own several different bows during the course of their playing career, usually starting on a fiberglass or inexpensive wooden bow in early years of study and upgrading many times on the journey toward professional-level playing. From the workshop of Thomas & George Martin: Working closely with a leading bow maker we have introduced the “Claude Marchand” bow. 33/month for. Featured How the Italian Double Bass Bow Hold Works Gabriele Ragghianti, the host for the 2018 European Bass Congress in Lucca and bass professor at the Royal College of Music in London, put out a fascinating video recently through D’Addario Orchestral all about the Italian double bass bow hold: Gabriele is Francois Rabbath’s bow arm – a close look Apr 6, 2019 · This item: Yinfente Upright Double Bass Bow Case String Bass Bow Box for German Bow French Style Hold 2pcs Bow Bag With Strap $60. 00-Add to cart; Horst Schicker Double Bass Bow, French Grip $ 3,500. 3 months with Easy Pay i. Otherwise, this image could be a French bow hold -- while looking from the tip of the bow. Challenge yourself to sustain long notes, explore different dynamics, and play close to the bridge. That said, I have never used a German bow and my teacher hasn't even mentioned that there are German bows. Long-tone work. Recently, I've started to get more serious about playing, but I feel I'm been held back by my bow hold. 00 $ 60 . Balancing a Bow on a Double Bass. disc Balancing a Bow on a Double Bass. 8cm 4) light & strong Jun 24, 2021 · Very suitable as a backup bow or practise bow with well bounce and great flexibility. 83 for 6 months with Easy Pay. Dec 14, 2014 · This video goes over the details of the French bow hold for the Double Bass Mar 15, 2005 · Try adjusting you bass, also if you take a look on how a violinist or celloist hold their bow that may help you, instead playing off your shoulder you are playing in front of yourself. 4/4-size Carbon Fiber French Double Bass Bow with Kevlar Fiber Acoustic Core and Xebony Frog. The wire wrapping is gold or silver in quality bows, and the hair is usually horsehair. From advice on the bow hold, posture, starting Maintaining a loose and relaxed body is crucial for preventing pain and injury. org/wabassWabass is a part of the Honeywell Arts Academy, is a unique full-sch The spiccato stroke in the first movement of Mozart’s Symphony No. I also give you a few tips on bow care such as how you should store your double bass bow. look at some youtube videos that can help. In reality for French you still want to keep your arm low and use your bicep; in essence your arm should actually be moving pretty much the exact same way regardless of what bow is used. Open Strings (2:26) 07. $ 995. I don't know where you got the hold above, but it certainly isn't conventional. Bow closer to the fingerboard. I also find it a lot easier to play pizz in hand with the French bow, but I've heard people in my own orchestra with different opinions. and a three piece button. 00-Add to cart; Kolstein and Son NY Double Bass Bow, French Grip $ 3,500. 1) Bass rear right corner balanced on hip – This classic stance accommodates a wide variety of double bass shapes and playing angles. NATURAL HORSEHAIR - For the upright double bass bow, we use unbleached Mongolian horsehair, aiming for great resilience, easier to be rosined. Cross strings by lifting and lowering the arm. The course is perfect for jazz bassists who want to play bass lines, solos and melodies with the Avoiding fingerboard “growl”. 1 out of 5 stars 21 ratings Jun 20, 2020 · 2. In classical pizzicato, we generally avoid producing fingerboard buzz, even when playing forte. Should Professional Double Bassists Play French & German Bow? Watch on. He advocates pulling a sound out of the string without thumb pressure involved. May 19, 2023 · 1) 1x upright double bass Bow case, High quality Can Hold 1x bow 2)Velvet cloth inside , the color of the insider is red or black. Chapter 8: Improvisation. Got questions? Let me know in the comments! Website: jonathanbordenb Mar 14, 2020 · Yinfente Double Bass Bow Case Carbon Fiber Bow Box String Bass Bow German Bow Hold 2pcs Bows Strong (black) Visit the yinfente Store 4. Using the Left Hand on a Double Bass. #1: Matching the bowstroke of the concertmaster in an orchestral setting. 0 5. (1) Position your 2nd finger opposite the end of your thumb. In contrast, the French double bass bow has a longer, thinner bow stick and a narrower frog. comdouble bass merch - https://shop. Watch every single youtube video you can find on french bow technique, they all explain the same thing, but one of them will make it 'click' for you. Alternative French and German Bow Grips (11:51) 70. Nov 20, 2019. The Cellophant trains the hand to hold the bow correctly and naturally through muscle memory, thereby freeing the player to learn and enjoy other elements of string playing. If you ever use the bow in jazz, I would recommend the French. German bows naturally lend themselves to that motion from muscle positioning so it feels more intuitive. Apr 15, 2021 · In this video, Joseph Conyers demonstrates and explains his iconic bow hold. The stroke requires the player to bounce the bow off the string in a controlled manner, producing a crisp and articulate sound. The French bows weigh around 125 grams, with the German/Butler at about 132 grams. That's roughly how my fingers look when I look down at the bow in action. Dec 13, 2016 · My double bass teacher taught me to use a French bow with the correct bow hold to play the double bass. Learning how to hold an instrument is essential for beginners. Nov 18, 2004 · My bow hold is essentially a mix between the cello hold and the "flat. Sep 13, 2016 · French Bow or German Bow? This is the first episode of a new show called “Ask Geoff & Lauren”. Feb 26, 2021 · But eventually my bow hold evolved. I sometimes call this a “double bass sandwich” between your finger and thumb. 2. 3/4-sized Carbon Graphite German Double Bass Bow with Nickel-silver Winding, Imitation Lizard Grip, and Satin Black Finish. Also try hold the stick with the left and holding the bow with a good bow grip, then bringing your fingers in and out, thumb included. R. French or German. Your ring finger and pinky should cradle the underside of the frog. An explanation of the basics for creating a natural and relaxed french bow grip. German Bass Bow Probably a bit more apropriate for r/doublebass , but that doesn't get a lot of traffic Anyway, I recently bought my first double bass, and it… Upton Bass is ready to offer advice and answer any questions regarding double basses or related bass topics! If you are interested in this Marco Raposo Double Bass Bow or any other bow, please contact UB at sales@uptonbass. 99 Yinfente Violin Cello Bow Case Bow Bag Carbon Fiber Violin Bow Cases Strong Light Hold 2pcs Bow (black) Dec 25, 2011 · David Allen Moore's German Bow Course at Discover Double Bass had me rethink my grip. Like nerve screaming painful. After about a year I started getting hand pain and eventually switched to German. The "French" or "overhand" bow is similar in shape and implementation to the bow used on the other members of the orchestral string instrument family, while the "German" or "Butler" bow is typically broader and shorter, and is held in a "hand shake" (or "hacksaw") position. This is a comprehensive method with over six hours of lessons that cover jazz bowing technique, from the basics to an advanced level. At the end of the video, there's a performance of an orchestral The weight of the bow ist the big problem I think as my top left of my hand kinda falls on the bow to hold up the weight which in turn makes it a grip. . "Artist" Carbon Fiber Double Bass Bow: I held off getting a mid-range carbon fiber bow for a long time Oct 15, 2023 · How to hold the french bass bow. Glasser French or German Round Fiberglass Bass Bow. mounted ebony frog adorned with a Parisienne eye and slide of abalone. 00 Get it as soon as Tuesday, May 28 Apr 24, 2023 · The German bow also has a wider, flatter bow hair, which is used to produce a more impactful sound. The frog is typically rounded and the end of the stick gradually tapers towards the tip. GREAT STUDENT BASS BOW - The French bow is made by experienced bow-maker, offers you nice sound. French model. Chapter 5: Left Hand Technique and the Bow. " Double bass bows vary in length, but average around 24" (70 cm). The French-style frog is smaller and shorter than the German, which is noticeably taller. bass bow is no exception. Glasser Wire Winding French or German Round Fiberglass Bass Bow. 99. German. £1,190. Hours of operation Tuesday through Saturday 10 am – 6 pm. Chapter 10: Course Conclusion. The best way to stop thumb pain is to stop squeezing the frog, and build up endurance. The lesson will work with both French and German pattern bows. May 10, 2019 · The first technique-oriented video in a series of short films about the double bass. The French bow has a rounder, smoother bow hair, which is used Aug 22, 2017 · This is a great question! We all know that double bassists have to choose to play either French or German pattern double bass bow, but do professionals need to play both? In episode 51 of 'Ask Geoff & Lauren' we answer the question and share our experiences. The Double Bass French Bow Hold. As well as having a larger frog, overall the double bass bow is heavier and shorter than a cello bow. Another added bonus of the cellophant is that the added weight to the bow encourages better tone production. The Three Elements of Sound Production (1:41) 05. Chapter 3 - First Motions on the Double Bass 06. How to Hold a Double Bass. Start with preparatory exercises such as the “long and loud” bow. 135g and 66cm including screw. Renowned for their quality and craftsmanship, this ARY FRANCE double. Some of the lowest-quality student bows feature synthetic fiberglass "hair. I like moving my hand in over the bow a bit more to get (what I perceive as) a better balance--perhaps 1/2" to 3/4" from the edge of the frog (see 2:54 in the video for my approximate thumb position). May 9, 2023 · Black Upright Double Bass Bow Bag for German French Bass Bow Hold 1 Or 2pcs Bow Case Light Strong Bow Cases Protect Your Bow with Shoulder Strap (Box for 2 bows) Visit the Generic Store 4. The 1/4 sized upright double bass bow is approx. Chapter 7: Bowed Melodies. Klaus Mueller French or German Octagonal Fine Brazilwood Bass Bow. One significant difference between the standard classical pizzicato and jazz pizzicato is the approach to achieving that fingerboard noise. For years I held a bass bow like a violin bow as I was taught by a jazzer. Was: $ 995 . Double bass rosin is also much stickier How the Italian Double Bass Bow Hold Works. Lauren is a wonderful bassist/educator from Austin, Texas and I’m thrilled she’s teamed up with me to do this new show. Here’s a look inside each of these chapters and how Olivier covers these concepts. The physics of having the thumb so close to the Chapter 4: Developing Arco Technique. Chapter 9: Lessons with the Band. Arco Nouveau French or German Round Carbon Fiber Bass Bow. The correct bow hold is really quite painful to do. It also has the same overhand hold like that of a cello. Feb 22, 2006 · I would suggest that there is so much to absorb when you start on Double Bass that you use a simpler French bow hold for a little while to do most of your practice. Baroque overhand Double Bass bowing seems to be a bit of a controversial topic in Historically Informed Performance practice. May 19, 2018 #8. com or call the shop at +1 (860) 535-9399. The Double Bass German Bow Hold. When I was in university, I purchased a nice pro-level French bow that played well. Double Bass Bow, German Grip, Snakewood, Brazil by M. com Sep 10, 2020 · https://discoverdoublebass. The German bow is 29 7/8 inches end to end, with about a 22 3/8 inch hair length. Sep 21, 2023 · Black Upright Double Bass Bow Bag for German French Bass Bow Hold 1 Or 2pcs Bow Case Light Strong Bow Cases Protect Your Bow with Shoulder Strap (Box for 2 bows) $51. Regardless of whether you’re using a German or French bow, the concept remains the same. The prices shown include VAT. Later the thumb tip is simply moved to the corner Description. Use a metronome set at 60 to maintain a steady tempo. com Music. Left Hand Basics (3:00) 08. Or pay $125. Chapter 6: Bowed Walking Bass Lines. 00 Get it as soon as Friday, Mar 1 download our PDF workbook for beginning bowing: https://jason-heath-llc. See full list on doublebasshq. com - All our lessons, interviews & courses in one place! Jason's Video Course, Beginner's Classical Bass, https://courses. Of course the image would then need to be rotated 90 degrees to the right. (2) Keep a long curve in your thumb and a cupped hand to relax the big thumb muscles. $119. Let the weight of the bow produce the sound. Learning to use the bow is essential for all double bassists, regardless of the style of Nov 4, 2001 · The Italian Grip gives you more power but with the French grip, be sure to move your index finger out a bit towards the tip spreading your fingers slightly to get a better balance with the Bow. In this episode, Thomas Martin discusses the use of the French double bas The French bow has a smaller frog (the part of the bow you hold) and looks more like the bows you'd use to play cello, viola or violin. Revelation Professional French Double Bass Bow - 3/4 Size. 6 4. My Experiences with the Italian Bow Hold. Salt Lake City, Utah. 5cm including the screw, easy to play. Hold the bow with the ends of the fingers only. His thumb rarely even touches the stick when he's playing on the G and D string, and on the lower strings, it's just lightly making contact on the top of the bow. We make it easy to understand and quick to learn with these free video lessons. Apr 5, 2010 · Ken's Corner (Bass Forums Sponsored By KSB) > Double Basses > Music [DB] > Classical and Symphony Bass Playing french bow hold question May 10, 2006 · 1. ck. 0 out of 5 stars 1 rating May 4, 2008 · Hello all. The 47 video lessons are presented in a step-by-step order giving you a clear and logical route though the course material. Put your thumb on the back of the neck of the double bass, behind the strings, and then press down your first finger on the D string about 4 inches down from where the strings go into the pegbox. Details. com or call the shop at +1 (860) 535-9399 . Focus on using your entire body when plucking or bowing the strings. CodaBow Infinity Double Bass Bow – NEW Coda Bow Carbon Fiber for Bass. After all, each player is unique, and what matters most is making the instrument a seamless extension of yourself. Stringing Description. Suzuki students on violin begin with a more relaxed bow hold that has the end of the thumb on the outside of the silver ferrule. He shares how it has evolved over time and how his approach helps him get that amazing tone. honeywellarts. Use a sticky rosin such as Carlsson, Nymans or Kolstein soft. The emoji needs another draft. Virginia. 72. Write your review Item ID: RevelationDBF. Now pluck the D string while holding your first finger down, and you Nov 11, 2017 · The French Bow looks similar to bows used for the violin, viola, and cello. 00 Aug 11, 2020 · https://discoverdoublebass. " Wheras the cello hold calls for a higher pinky and wrist, I drop the pinky down to about the middle knuckle and the wrist stays at the same angle as the hand. 185 With Jason Heath · San Francisco, CA. It is also held in a similar fashion as with those instruments, with an "overhand" grip. 4/4 sized bow is close to 133g and approx. * such that my hand sat above the bow (more like a cello grip I guess) * my thumb faced up and rested in the nook where the edge of the frog meets the stick. Only the finest pernambuco wood and silver mountings are used. 3)A better protection of the bow: 77. 00-Add to cart; Sale! Siquiera Double Bass Bow, French Grip The Position of the Double Bass (1:58) German Bow Hold (1:56) 69. Don't twist your wrist. 5cm×9cm×3. Pfretchner). doublebasshq. Find a good bow, then re-evaluate. all things double bass - https://doublebasshq. $149. 1 4. Jun 26, 2020 · Playing with the bow is an essential technique for all double bassists, whichever genre you are playing in. Position of the Bow on the String (1:31) 06. 7. Long-tone exercises are fundamental for developing control, tone quality, and bow technique. 4. 2) Bass balanced on belly – Commonly considered a bad habit, this stance is actually used by quite a number Nov 20, 2019 · mittenwald. However, I have seen German bows on the internet and I believe they seem quite good. bass. Or $63. Joseph’s French bow hold is quite unusual, so we dig into the details and share how you can use his approach. The French bow is 27¼ inches end to end, with about a 20¾ inch hair length. It’s about finding your own balance and comfort while playing the double bass. page/f85e2cb64ball things double bass - https://doublebasshq. jason__heath. Write your review Item ID: EBB80DB34F. com - All our lessons, interviews & courses in one place!Welcome to Discover Double Bass! It's great to have you here and I reall Apr 2, 2013 · There are a few variations in French bow hold, but there are also common fundamentals. No arm weight 4. I'm still working Here are a few of the most common approaches to playing the bass in a standing position: (Fig. 3/4-size Pernambuco Wood French Bass Bow with Ebony Frog, Nickel-silver Mountings, and Mongolian Horsehair. The frog of the double bass bow is usually made out of ebony, although Snakewood is used by some luthiers. In this lesson, discover the proper way to hold a double bass, and how it should size up to you. Jazz Bowing by Olivier Babaz is an online video course with 69 video lessons, transcriptions and play-along tracks. Maybe I am a heretic or maybe I have always just played crappy bows that were too tip heavy. Your middle finger should touch the side of the ring. Dörfler "Select" bass bow, #18 level, $850 : Steffen Kuhnla, shop made bass bow, $1. I’ve always been an experimenter, and I spent a decade using the Italian bow hold exclusively. Gabriele Ragghianti, the host for the 2018 European Bass Congress in Lucca and bass professor at the Royal College of Music in London, put out a fascinating video recently through D’Addario Orchestral all about the Italian Apr 10, 2012 · Use a latex rubber bow grip (available through Lemur for like $4) to help the thumb to be comfortable. This has been noticable to me in two ways. See Chapter 5 in The Art of String Teachi Hand-selected, edged Brazilwood (pernambuco) stick. Visualize your body as a giant finger, generating the sound through fluid motions. 6. $ 755 . jc xw ww gk if cb nv ao rr yh