69°F. 英国物理奥林匹克 Jul 16, 2022 · BPhO由一系列物理比赛组成,不同级别的学术活动针对不同年级的中学生: BPhO英国物理思维挑战(初级):7-9年级 BPhO英国物理思维挑战(中级&高级):9-11年级 BPhO英国物理奥林匹克活动 Round1:任意年级高中生 BPhO英国物理奥林匹克活动 Round2:受邀学生 Year Contestant Rank Award; 2023: Yuki Tanaka: 25: Gold Medal: 2023: Kotaro Imamura: 29: Gold Medal: 2023: Koki Iwashita: 42: Silver Medal: 2023: Shunsuke Kita: 48 Online Form Submission (Private / Regular & Late College (Affiliated Colleges) Date Sheets. 1 2. Setting the paper: There are two options for sitting BPhO Round 1: a. BPhO Challenge (Y13) Year Group: Year 13 Available from: 9 th Sep 2024 Entry deadline: Friday 13 th December 2024 Deadline for ordering certificates: 31st January 2025 Length: 1 hour Sat: at any time convenient Sept - Dec Marked: in school Cost: Free Prizes: Certificates Apr 28, 2024 · AP C力学和电磁学提供了足够的深度,但在光学、热学等方面可能存在欠缺。. Please send the relevant information to the webmaster: May 28, 2021 · 英国物理奥赛British Physics Olympiad(BphO)始于1979 年,至今已近25年的历史,每年英国本土超1,600位有天赋的青年物理学家参赛。. Junior Physics Challenge is composed of written and experiments. The BPhO aims to encourage the study of Physics and recognise excellence in young physicists through ten annual Physics and PGA TOUR Live Leaderboard 2021 U. BPhO英国物理奥林匹克始于 1979 年,1983 年正式为英国选拔国家代表队参与国际物理奥林匹克。. AP物理1和2则具备广度,但需要提高深度和定量计算能力。. 2022 BPhO考试回顾. Solutions: These questions are about problem Jul 23, 2022 · 为了帮助同学们更真切的了解BPhO的考点分布,以BPhO 2021为例,我来为同学们介绍一下。 首先,Section 1共19小问,总分73分。 参考历年真题的知识点和题目难度分布,我们可以发现 力学 是BPhO中最为重要的部分,其分值约占到整张试卷的40%,在2021年有31分力学相关 Aug 14, 2023 · This website was created for the 2023 BPhO Computational Physics Challenge, by Thomas Davey and Alex Arnold. bpho. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Comment. Prizes: Certificates (and, if Date. 9 % 400 Bronze II 11 - 22 35. August 14th 2023 Nov 6, 2021 · Note, these are not official solutions. Junior Physics Challenge (Formerly BPhO Year 10 Physics Challenge)英国初中物理奥赛由 British Physics Olympiad 英国物理奥赛组委会主办,BPhO是面向International Physics Olympiad国际物理奥林匹克运动会选拔参赛团队的重要物理赛事,BPhO针对不同年级 2023年BPhO考情分析. 0米,4名 BPhO Physics Challenge September/October 2021 Instructions Time: 1 hour. Prizes: Certificates (and, if Nov 11, 2022 · When I used that 2021 paper for practice a few days before, I could manage to get 50. www. Ruler and pencil may be needed. Marked:scanned scripts uploaded by Tuesday 11 rd February 2025, and marked by the BPhO. In school, mark scheme provided In school, mark scheme provided. It is designed to allow the most talented physics students studying in the UK to demonstrate their skills by solving extremely challenging problems, using both physics which they have already studied and additional information which is provided to them. 80 high performing students in 2022 BPhO Round 1. Certificates Merit: 20/50 or above. T. 7,2. Data Protection ensures that the BPhO database of teachers and schools’ results cannot be accessed by university members and similarly the BPhO has no access to any aspect of University physics results, student entry, PAT test or any other Physics Department or University data base. Date: 22nd - 25th, July 2023. Bills vs Chiefs Box Score. ox. Paper sat in school in January. Please check out the BPhO official website below:Link to the paper: https://www. 1. uk Round 1 Past Papers. I’ve currently learned the Higher Physics content, and am aware there are resources for BPho round 2, but I am looking for something to fill the gap since Oxford PAT, BPhO, Supplementary Questions. 0 % 220 Silver 30 - 38 16. 微积分应用:. The procedure for submitting will be sent to those who have registered via the form below. BPhO Physics Challenge September/October 2021 Instructions Time: 1 hour. Pages must Jan 29, 2024 · Register: Your day school physics teacher must contact BPhO@physics. The July 21st AAPT press release is available HERE. BPhO Round 1 Section 2 13th November 2020 This question paper must not be taken out of the exam room Instructions Time: 5 minutes reading time (NO writing) and then 1 hour 20 minutes for writing. Dynamics Problem solving: based on our previous experience, students do not want to hear about solving problems or be told what is good for them, but would rather be engaged in doing it, discussing the ideas and trying to get ahead of the others. Figure 2: 1. The previous paper exam has the advantage of developing students’ problem Experimental Project (Years 10 to 13) The British Physics Olympiad offers a series of competitions aimed at students in years 10 to 13. Since 2019, Chinese and British students will compete together for the awards. 2. 2021 Round 1, Question 2. S. This is for UK schools ONLY. 知乎专栏 - 随心写作,自由表达 - 知乎 Senior Physics Challenge - March 2021. BPhO Round2考试 BPhO 本身就是一个慈善信托。 数据保护确保大学成员无法访问 BPhO 的教师和学校成绩数据库,同样,BPhO 无法访问大学物理成绩、学生入学、PAT 测试或任何其他物理系或大学数据库的任何方面。BPhO 将结果通知学校和学生,但不会将结果发送给不属于该链的第三方。 BPhO赛事官网提供BPhO英国物理奥林匹克竞赛历年考试试卷真题及答案,包含BPhO Round 1、BPhO Round 2、BPhO物理挑战赛、BPhO中级物理挑战、BPhO高级物理挑战等。 1,94. BPhO_winner_2016. This round was taken in November in Y13, following the Physics Challenge. The SPC Challenge is a single, one-hour paper that provides an excellent tool to assess and Competition Dates & Events/Workshops. Upon reaching the other train, the fly turns around and continues towards the first train. The two sections are normally taken in school under staff-supervised conditions at any time convenient during the British Physics Olympiad 2021-22 Round 2 Competition Paper Monday 31st January 2022 Instructions Time: 3 hours (Q1 approximately 20-30 minutes, Q2, Q3 approx 45 minutes each, Q4 1 hour). Like. Some 1400 students signed up for the webinars. past-papers 2021: Luke Hayward: 151: Bronze Medal: 2019: Patrick Winter: 53: Results may be incomplete or incorrect. Questions: All questions should be attempted. BphO非常 SSAT Exams (In 2021/2022 Academic Year) There were 26 students invited by University of Toronto Schools (UTS) to attend stage two and 13 students scored more than 2000 in the SSAT exam. 比如👉 The Senior Physics Challenge for Year 12 students is an exciting opportunity for students to stretch their problem solving skills and apply fundamental physical principles to novel situations. This year's competition will be held virtually. " The Marking Schemes below give sample solutions for a selection of problems in several past Round 2 papers. Uzbekistan. Madinabonu Khasanjonova. Nov 9, 2023 · BPhO试卷共100分,2022年 BPhO 超级金奖(Top gold)分数只需要达到39分,金奖(Gold)需要30分,这个分数线相比2021年还低。 反观BPhO参赛人数,每年却是逐步上涨,2016年参赛仅600人,到了2020年上升为2000人,今年报名人数更多。 British Physics Olympiad 2018-19. Students should ensure their name and school is clearly written on all answer sheets. I know it’s in a few months time, but would like to start preparing for BPho round 1 and was wondering if there were any recommended books. The UK hosted an IPhO in 1986 and again in 2000. Posted: 15th January 2021. 难题分为以下3类:. 题目也重视物理知识的灵活运用,全部的试题为证明题 In the UK, only students with excellent SMC results are eligible to participate in BMO Round 1. Intermediate Physics Challenge (Y11) Past Papers. Leaderboard Highlights Tee Times Field FedExCup Course Stats Odds Past Results Mar 12, 2021 · The Junior Physics Challenge 2021 will take place between Friday 30 April and Wednesday 19 May 2021 (dates TBC). Instructions: You are allowed any standard exam board data/formula sheet. View the 2021 Buffalo Bills schedule, results and scores for regular season, preseason and postseason NFL games. Secondary School Examination (Class X) Results 2024 – Announced on 13th May 2024. Length: 3 hours. By the BPhO. ASDAN中国与国际顶级教育组织和世界名校合作,将商学与经济学、数学、物理工程、化学生物、编程与机器人、领导力、社会实践和艺术等类的优质课外活动与学科教育资源引进中国,构建国内领先的国际 Jul 15, 2021 · Canadian Mackenzie Hughes, aided by birdies on 4, 5 and 6, has tied Harman for the lead of four under with a birdie on 10. The British Physics Olympiad (BPhO) is the premier Physics competition in the United Kingdom which students from Cardiff Sixth Form College compete in annually. BPhO Senior Physics Challenge 2021. [1] [2] On a day-to-day basis, the BPhO is run by five committee members as well as a large team of volunteer physics teachers and academics from across the UK. AP体系学生需要充分利用微积分解决物理问题的能力,这是备考BPhO竞赛的重要技能之一。. Round 2 Past Papers. Oct 23, 2019 · 2021 Junior Physics Challenge(BPhO Year10) 2021英国初中物理奥赛(10年级) 项目介绍. 知识填补:. The 2021 IPhO is July 17-24, 2021 in Vilnius, Lithuania. 8 . Nov 13, 2021 · What was the grade boundries for Round 1 2021? Grade Boundary Mark Percentage of Students No of students (approx) Top Gold 49 - 100 7. 锻炼学生物理能力. 该竞赛由牛津大学、物理研究所(IOP)和Odgen基金会联合主办,分为两轮:Round 1和Round 2。. By invitation only - based on the results from Round 1 and certain eligibility requirements. Hill (KC), 11-150, 1 TD. Stay tuned to the IPhO website for the IPho results. The Senior Physics Challenge for Year 12 students is an exciting 2024 Results. It consists of two 30 minute sets of multiple choice questions which are largely about physics ideas, but also encouraging some wider reading and interest in the subject. circuits resistance BETA VERSION 358053d 感谢大家参与 2021 年英国物理奥林匹克活动。此次活动中国区近 350 所国际学校和重点学校的 2000 多名初高中学生参加 了英国物理奥林匹克活动,并取得了非常优异的成绩!恭喜所有获奖的同学! The Senior Physics Challenge for Year 12 students is an exciting opportunity for students to stretch their problem solving skills and apply fundamental physical principles to novel situations. 英国物理奥林匹克组委会主要由牛津大学、英国物理学会和 Odgen 基金会组成,办公室设在牛津大学物理系。. Merit or Participation), should have their results recorded using the online form by Friday 3rd December 2021. BPhO竞赛结束后,特别是未来计划申请物理等相关专业的 10、11年级同学 ,可以开始准备明年上半年 物理碗 竞赛了! 7/22/2021. j sin28 c = sinθ 52 θ= 83. The first IPhO took place in Warsaw (Poland) in 1967 and subsequent IPhOs have occurred, with a few exceptions, in a different country each year. Prior to 2011, this was called "Paper Three. May 26, 2020 · 01/08/2018. Section 2. Location: Shanghai, China. Participants. 2023年 BPhO 考试在11月7日落下帷幕,一起来看看今年都有哪些新变化?. (1 mark) Now using the cosine rule on the larger triangle: BPhO Experimental Project. 01/05/2018. The British Physics Olympiad ( BPhO) is a series of ten competitions in the study of physics for students in years 11–13 in the United Kingdom. See full list on bpho. b. Return papers for marking by Fri Nov 8, 2023 · 考完BPhO还有哪些物理竞赛值得参加?. 9,19. e. Please enter an introduction for your news story here. We are just marking the few remaining scripts. BPhO Round 2 (Training Camp Selection) Competition date: Thursday 6 th February 2025. 33% Bronze BPhO Junior Physics Challenge (Y10) This is aimed at Year 10 (UK), although we do allow Year 9 and Year 11 participants. 知乎专栏 - 随心写作,自由表达 - 知乎 BPhO Physics Challenge September/October 2022 Instructions. Questions: Only two questions out of the four questions in Section 2 should be attempted. In 2021, Olympiads School students achieved the following results: 1 st place: Ruby Sun. uk/user/pages/05. waves stationary waves [25] Long. British Physics Olympiad , 英国物理奥林匹克 学术活动。BPhO非常注重物理知识的灵活运用,题目全部为证明题,且和牛剑的笔面试题目高度相似 BPhO英国物理奥林匹克学术活动介绍. At least there was a nice SHM question in S2 on it to get enough marks from. Length - 2 x 25 minutes (can be sat on different days if required). Marks: The questions carry similar marks. 题目:一辆汽车沿着有洼地的汽车行驶,洼地间的间距是8. 10 th place: Daniel Yang. Open (2021), San Diego - Golf Scores and Results. Length 3 hrs. It aims to inspire middle school students to learn physics, observe, practical skills and Jun 12, 2024 · 一、BPhO竞赛简介. Please send the relevant information to the webmaster: CBSE Results Archives 2021. Solutions: Answers and calculations are to be written on loose paper. Follow @thebpho to get the latest news, updates and resources on the BPHO events and activities. 03. Questions: Only two questions out of the five questions in Section 2 should be attempted. Competition date: can be sat anytime during the dates Friday 25thApril 2024 - Friday 16th May 2025 under teacher supervision. Each question contains independent parts so that later parts The BPHO is the official account of the British Physics Olympiad, a competition that challenges and rewards students with a passion for physics. Questions: Only two questions out of the fifive questions in Section 2 should be attempted. Gold, Silver, Bronze and Look back at all the UEFA EURO 2020 results from between 11 June and 11 July 2021. Out of 30 marks. 16th November 2018. Papers are returned to the BPhO office for marking Certificates are awarded: 33% Gold. The BAAO is currently targeted at students in Years 12 and 13, however GCSE students can attempt it as well. By the BPhO team. 出题又有什么新趋势?. The Closing Ceremony will be streamed on YouTube July 24th. Marks: Total of 50 marks. Each question contains independent parts so that later Nov 7, 2023 · 由于BPhO是英国举办的竞赛,对英国学生来说,参赛资源和支持相对更加充足。国内学生在参加BPhO时需要更多的自主学习与准备。 BPhO竞赛考后规划. A fly starting out at the front of one train, flies towards the other at a speed of 75 km/h. Section 1 and Section 2 may be sat in one session of 2 hours 40 minutes Section 1 should be collected in after 1 hour 20 minutes and then Section 2 given out. 1,95. Competition Dates; We hold fifteen competitions organised through two strands: BPhO and BAAO; These five documents below are (a) Summary information for teachers on the past year and the year to come, (b) A3 sheet summaries of the competitions, (c) the BAAO new papers structure to show the sequence of the competitions for Team selection, (d) a printout The IPC Online Competition takes place in the last week of January, and is open from Monday 27th Jan to Friday 31st Feb 2025. uk The British Physics Olympiad (BPhO) is an annual physics contest written mostly by students attending high-school in the UK. Participation: 19 marks or below. Location. Time: 5 minutes reading time (NO writing) and 1 hour 20 minutes for writing on this section. Marks: The questions carry different marks. From 2011 to 2018 this round was called the A2 round, and prior to 2011 it was simply called "Paper One. 9,15. ac. Dec 12, 2012 · December 12, 2012 ·. All papers, including papers sat after that date, or below that mark (i. Top Gold, Gold, Silver, Bronze I, Bronze II, Participation. Therefore θ= 96. In China, Chinese students can directly register for BMO Round1. BPhO注重物理知识的灵活运用,全部试题为证明题,学生需运用所 2021: Tan Chien Hao: 90: Silver Medal: 2019: Xinghong Fu: 15: Results may be incomplete or incorrect. Two trains are on the same track a distance 100 km apart heading towards one another, each at a speed of 50 km/h. 30 questions per paper. 对于AP Physics Olympiad Preperation (BPho) Hello. We are unable to mark new international Saturday 6th February 2021 Instructions Time: 3 hours. 81 If θwas 90 , the lenght marked as 52km would be 43 cos28 = 49km. The British Physics Olympiad (BPhO) aims to encourage the study of Physics and recognise excellence in young physicists through ten annual Physics and Astronomy & Astrophysics competitions. Prior to 2011 it was simply called "Paper Two", with the Physics Challenge being Paper One. Jun 17 - 20, 2021. 先回顾一下2022年BPhO的考情,去年考察的知识点相较之前有所扩充,为了维持难度稳定,常规的知识点难度相应有所下降。. The Sir Isaac Newton Exam (or SIN Exam for short) is an annual Physics competition for Grade 12 students hosted by the Physics Department at University of Waterloo. Andy Sullivan, Justin Harding and Danny Willett are all at three under 7) Sir Isaac Newton Exam. Any chance It is a gateway to competing in the International Olympiad in Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA), allowing students to represent their country and compete with over 40 other nations. Physics Challenge (Y13) Past Papers. These papers were sat in September/October of the given year. 1983 年起,BphO正式为英国选拔国家代表队,主要由牛津大学、英国物理学会和 Odgen 基金会组成,办公室设在牛津大学物理系。. UEFA EURO 2020 ran from 11 June to 11 July 2021, with 11 host cities staging the 51 fixtures. BPhO Round 1. Sep 17, 2023 · 2022年BPHO真题+解析(中文版本). BPhO Round1考试时间:. 6 % 400 Bronze I 23 - 29 16. 2024 BMO China Camp :Starting from 2023, the British Mathematical Olympiad Committee, in collaboration with A*SEEDER, will introduce the top-level academic camp to China. This question paper must not be taken out of the exam room. Secondary School Certificate Compartment Examination (Class X) Results 2021 Updated – Announced on 29th September 2021. The competition consists of two, 25-minute online tests that can be sat continuously or on two separate occasions. 7/16/2021. Section 1 and Section 2 may be sat in two sessions on separate occasions, with 1 hour 20 minutes . Jan 19, 2022 · The British Physics Olympiad (BPhO) is an annual competition set by a group based at Oxford University. Nov 25, 2023 · The main objective is to create fun, encourage involvement and inspire passion for physics among students. Jan 15, 2021 · British Physics Olympiad results. BPhO始于1979年,是英国顶级学术活动之一,旨在选拔优秀物理人才参与国际物理挑战。. Instructions. An Online competition By the BPhO team. Please ask your physics teacher for more information. " By the BPhO team. 2022年BPhO竞赛很多题目,不光题目有些坑,而且有些题目还需要非常仔细。. Questions: Answer ALL questions. The majority of the BPhO Round 1 results went out today. View. Before 2020 these papers used to be called simply the Physics Challenge, but that title is now used by the Year 13 papers. 此外,考完BPhO还有哪些物理学术活动值得参加?. Special prize for the absolute winner Country Name and Surname Exp Tot Th Tot Total South Korea Kyungmin Kim 16,65 29,6 46,25 Special prize for achieving the highest score in the experimental exam Cou. 2023年11月7日(周二)17:00-19:40(160分钟). CENTRAL TEACHER ELIGIBILITY TEST (CTET) DECEMBER – 2021 – Announced on 9th March 2022. Questions: All four questions should be attempted. Year Group: Year 13 and below. The Top Gold and selected Gold candidates from Round 1. Results will be posted here once they are available. About 900 turned up, and this dropped to 150 by the end. 7,25. BPhO考试在牛顿运动定律、电磁学、碰撞问题、静力平衡、圆周运动、电路、电功率和几何光学等方面进行考察。 以下是一些相关考点的分析: 牛顿运动定律及电磁学:BPhO考试涉及牛顿运动定律和电磁学的知识。例如,电荷和电流在磁场中的 G. These papers were sat in Y13. The competition is syllabus independent, and will Aug 28, 2018 · 英国物理奥林匹克竞赛(BPhO )成绩分析报告 感谢大家参与2016 至2017 年度英国物理奥林匹克竞赛。今年英国本土赛区 从上万名同学参加的预赛中选拔了 1680 名学生参赛,中国赛区从 “物理杯”获 奖选手和全国部分重点中学、国际学校推荐共计611 名学生参赛。 BPhO英国物理奥林匹克竞赛官网提供BPHO 英国物理奥赛Round 2从2003年至今历年的真题及答案。 2021: 比赛试卷-2020 Feb 9, 2023 · 2023BPho Round 1出分,分数线是多少呢?奖项什么时候公布?BPhO评奖标准是怎么样的? 重磅通知,今天下午阿思丹官网通知BPhO 英国物理测评 (Round 1) 的奖项公布, BPho Round 1 中脱额而出,获得参加“英国物理测评 (BPho Round2)的资格,同学们快登陆邮箱查查你入围了吗? marked papers achieving 60% or above should be sent in to the BPhO Office in Oxford by Friday 22nd October 2021. But I found 2022 paper way harder. 获奖名单 全球奖项 Name School GlobalAward YUNBOSUN HighSchoolAttachedtoNortheastNormalUniversity TopGold JIAQIWU UnitedWorldCollegeOfChangshuChina TopGold Exam Portal for BPhO Competitions. Feb 18, 2024 · BPhO的round1,难度基本和牛剑物理方向笔试一致,内容也非常相似,会涉及一些A2的内容。. There were 18 students invited by University of Toronto Schools (UTS) to attend stage two and 16 students scored more than 2100 in the SSAT exam. The grade boundaries remain the same) This is the first time we have run this online competition for the Lower Sixth year group. 2021 Round 1, Question 3. Results . Equipment: Any standard non-graphical calculator may be used. Teaching module. Begin each question on a new page. [3] The BPhO's administrative office is R2 Papers. 3 % 360 2021 British Physics Olympiad 2021英国顶级水平的高中物理学术活动 【 BPHO学术活动最新安排 】点击查看 项目介绍. The International Physics Olympiad is an international physics competition for secondary school students from participating countries. Sat within your school. Return papers for marking by Fri 1 8 th Nov 202 2 An Online competition By the BAAO team. Year Group:Year 11, 12 and 13 Available from: June 2024 Submission deadline: Friday 7 th Feb 2025 Length: Open-ended Sat: Within your school or home Marked: Best scripts submitted for marking Cost: Free Prizes: Certificates. The deadline for submitting entries is midnight on Monday 14th August 2023 (UK time). The SPC Challenge is a single, one-hour paper that provides an excellent tool to assess and We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Time: 1 hour. 经典题目:section 1 q. BPhO Round 1 Section 2 12th November 2021 This question paper must not be taken out of the exam room Instructions Time: 5 minutes reading time (NO writing) and then 1 hour 20 minutes for writing. 1 % 170 Gold 39 - 48 9. Davis (BUF), 8-201, 4 TD. Teachers and students should login here to sit the BPhO and BAAO exams. Return papers for marking by Fri 2 7 th January 202 3 An Online competition By the BPhO. 19 or θ= 96. uk Oct 21, 2023 · 老师针对BPhO官网上刚刚解禁的竞赛最新真题以及答案解析,给到具体的答案点评和补充,希望对大家有帮助!. Although the aim of the final BPhO Round 2 paper is to select the UK team for the International Physics Olympiad, the other papers are intended to interest a broader range of students, with typically over 6,000 BPhO CompPhys Challenge 2023. 第1类:不知道使用哪个知识点来处理问题. The Project for 2024/25. British Physics Olympiad(BphO)英国物理奥赛始于1979 年,至今已近25年的历史,每年英国本土超1,600位有天赋的青年物理学家参赛。 英国物理奥林匹克竞赛(BPhO)成绩分析报告 感谢大家参与2016 至2017 年度英国物理奥林匹克竞赛。今年英国本土赛区 从上万名同学参加的预赛中选拔了1680 名学生参赛,中国赛区从“物理杯”获 奖选手和全国部分重点中学、国际学校推荐共计611 名学生参赛。 The BPhO itself is a charitable trust. org. BPhO_example. Cost: Free: by invitation only. BPhO竞赛的考点和重难点主要包括物理知识的应用和物理思维的训练、解决问题的能力。. 33% Silver. Distinction: >60% Merit >40% & Participation. What would you expect it to be like this year, given that you did both of them? I think I might get around 25-35 on S1 and like 10 on S2. 2 % 840 Commendation 0 - 10 15. Certificates from CP. AMC学术活动和BPhO学术活动真题解析都是有的,各种含金量高的学术活动真题,希望对大家有帮助。 2021-2022年BPhO学术活动. Revised: the numbers of students and percentages in Table 1 have been corrected (columns 1 & 2). These are given as sample solutions only, as marks may be allocated in the exam for alternative methods and demonstrating a good The BPhO itself is a charitable trust. Over 6000 students take part in the competition each year. Graph paper. es zr mo ws wd dp wq mx hr im